Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'hindi/news-alerts-57/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88-4930/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/hindi/news-alerts-57/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88-4930/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f44a5abd844-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f44a5abd844-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f44a5abd844-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f44a5abd844-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 45777,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;क्या कैश-ट्रांसफर के लिए पीडीएस को खत्म किया जा सकता है?&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
&lt;w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;
&lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;
&lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;
&lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;
&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;
&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;
&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;
&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;
&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;
&lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;HI&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;
&lt;w:Compatibility&gt;
&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;
&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;
&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;
&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;
&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;
&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;
&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;
&lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;
&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;
&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;
&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;
&lt;w:UseFELayout/&gt;
&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;
&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;
&lt;m:mathPr&gt;
&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;--&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:dispDef/&gt;
&lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;
&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;
LatentStyleCount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
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mso-style-priority:99;
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mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
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कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने...&#039;,
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
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&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने...&#039;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:&quot;साधारण तालिका&quot;;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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                <strong>क्या कैश-ट्रांसफर के लिए पीडीएस को खत्म किया जा सकता है?</strong></h1>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span>विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span>मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span>बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span>बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span>ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span>नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span>ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>उत्तराखंड</span>, <span>ओडीसा</span>, <span>मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>बहरहाल</span>, <span>पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span>वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy<br />stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2</a><span>
</span><span>).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span>परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span>नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span>हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span>इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span>इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span>सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf" title="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india<br />/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span>
</span>)
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<span>इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/" title="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house<br />holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd<br />s/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o<br />n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites" title="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin<br />g-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better" title="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c<br />ash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho<br />mepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm" title="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject" title="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog<br />ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/" title="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm<br />-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev<br />ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.<br />pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
<br />Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program<br />me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter<br />ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents<br />/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf" title="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ<br />ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm" title="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2<br />0PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf" title="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09<br />_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf" title="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%<br />20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht<br />ml?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html" title="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio<br />n-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982" title="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo<br />r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने...&#039;,
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:&quot;साधारण तालिका&quot;;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
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&lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
&lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
&lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;
&lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;
&lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;
&lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;EN-US&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;
&lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;
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&lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;
&lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;
&lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;
&lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;
&lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;
&lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;
&lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;
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&lt;w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/&gt;
&lt;w:Word11KerningPairs/&gt;
&lt;w:CachedColBalance/&gt;
&lt;w:UseFELayout/&gt;
&lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;
&lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;
&lt;m:mathPr&gt;
&lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
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&lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:&quot;साधारण तालिका&quot;;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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/* Style Definitions */
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span>विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span>मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span>बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span>बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span>ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span>नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span>ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>उत्तराखंड</span>, <span>ओडीसा</span>, <span>मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>बहरहाल</span>, <span>पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span>वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy<br />stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2</a><span>
</span><span>).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span>परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span>नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span>हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span>इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span>इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span>सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf" title="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india<br />/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span>
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/" title="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house<br />holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd<br />s/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o<br />n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites" title="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin<br />g-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better" title="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c<br />ash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho<br />mepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm" title="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject" title="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog<br />ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/" title="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm<br />-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev<br />ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.<br />pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
<br />Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program<br />me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter<br />ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents<br />/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf" title="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ<br />ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm" title="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2<br />0PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf" title="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09<br />_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf" title="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%<br />20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht<br />ml?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html" title="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio<br />n-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982" title="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo<br />r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>               </font>
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header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

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Code Context
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f44a5abd844-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 45777,
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:&quot;साधारण तालिका&quot;;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;9935.&lt;/span&gt;html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;42.&lt;/span&gt;html?pgno=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal&quot;&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने...&#039;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
&lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:&quot;साधारण तालिका&quot;;
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;बाजार तक पहुंच&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;उत्तराखंड&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;ओडीसा&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;बहरहाल&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा &lt;/span&gt;?.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy&lt;br /&gt;stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन&lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo; &lt;span&gt;नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि &lt;/span&gt;&amp;ldquo; &lt;span&gt;हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है &lt;/span&gt;&amp;rdquo;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span&gt;इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india&lt;br /&gt;/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;)
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
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&lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&amp;rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS &lt;a href=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot; title=&quot;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/&quot;&gt;http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house&lt;br /&gt;holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd&lt;br /&gt;s/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Replacing
PDS with cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o&lt;br /&gt;n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot; title=&quot;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites&quot;&gt;http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin&lt;br /&gt;g-cash-transfer-delhites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Corruption
in the PDS &amp;amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? &lt;a href=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot; title=&quot;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better&quot;&gt;http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c&lt;br /&gt;ash-transfer-work-better&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;People
prefer PDS over cash transfers &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over&lt;br /&gt;-cash-transfers-9935.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&amp;egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho&lt;br /&gt;mepage=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot; title=&quot;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&quot;&gt;http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog&lt;br /&gt;ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&quot;&gt;http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm&lt;br /&gt;-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev&lt;br /&gt;ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.&lt;br /&gt;pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
PDS learning curve &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot; title=&quot;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&quot;&gt;http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&amp;nbsp;-
&lt;br /&gt;Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi&lt;/a&gt; (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program&lt;br /&gt;me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter&lt;br /&gt;ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot; title=&quot;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&quot;&gt;http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents&lt;br /&gt;/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ&lt;br /&gt;ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot; title=&quot;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm&quot;&gt;http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2&lt;br /&gt;0PDS.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09&lt;br /&gt;_28_engl.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&amp;rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&amp;iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;dicte de la Bri&amp;egrave;re, May 2007,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot; title=&quot;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&quot;&gt;http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%&lt;br /&gt;20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp;amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht&lt;br /&gt;ml?pgno=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, &lt;a href=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot; title=&quot;https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html&quot;&gt;http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio&lt;br /&gt;n-not-cash-activists-15690.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;Delhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt; government faces SC&amp;rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, &lt;a href=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot; title=&quot;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&quot;&gt;http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo&lt;br /&gt;r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;Hindi&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
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Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
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                <strong>क्या कैश-ट्रांसफर के लिए पीडीएस को खत्म किया जा सकता है?</strong></h1>
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<span>अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span>विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
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<span>देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span>मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span>बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span>बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span>ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span>नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
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<span>ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span>ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>उत्तराखंड</span>, <span>ओडीसा</span>, <span>मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>बहरहाल</span>, <span>पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span>वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy<br />stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2</a><span>
</span><span>).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span>परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span>नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span>हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span>इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span>इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span>सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf" title="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india<br />/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span>
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/" title="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house<br />holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd<br />s/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o<br />n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites" title="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin<br />g-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better" title="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c<br />ash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho<br />mepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm" title="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject" title="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog<br />ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/" title="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm<br />-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev<br />ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.<br />pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
<br />Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program<br />me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter<br />ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents<br />/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf" title="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ<br />ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm" title="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2<br />0PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf" title="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09<br />_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf" title="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%<br />20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht<br />ml?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html" title="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio<br />n-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982" title="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo<br />r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">उत्तराखंड</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ओडीसा</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">4</span>change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">9935.</span>html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बहरहाल</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">4</span>change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">42.</span>html?pgno=<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">2</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
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</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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&nbsp;
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अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
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कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने...',
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span>विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span>मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span>बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span>बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span>ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span>नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span>ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>उत्तराखंड</span>, <span>ओडीसा</span>, <span>मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>बहरहाल</span>, <span>पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span>वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy<br />stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2</a><span>
</span><span>).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span>परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span>नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span>हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span>इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span>इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span>सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf" title="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india<br />/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span>
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/" title="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house<br />holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd<br />s/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o<br />n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites" title="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin<br />g-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better" title="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c<br />ash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho<br />mepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm" title="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject" title="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog<br />ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/" title="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm<br />-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev<br />ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.<br />pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
<br />Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program<br />me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter<br />ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents<br />/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf" title="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ<br />ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm" title="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2<br />0PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf" title="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09<br />_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf" title="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%<br />20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht<br />ml?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html" title="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio<br />n-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982" title="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo<br />r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
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<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">उत्तराखंड</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">ओडीसा</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">4</span>change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">9935.</span>html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">बहरहाल</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="../hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">4</span>change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">42.</span>html?pgno=<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">2</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Mangal">इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="../news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="../news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="../law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="../rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&nbsp;
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में
उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च
कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी</span>, <span>विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर
के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले
सर्वेक्षण</span>, <span>मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और
जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण
प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में
ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन
में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को
पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की
सुरक्षा</span>, <span>बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच</span>, <span>बाजार तक पहुंच</span>, <span>ग्रामीण इलाकों
में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना</span>, <span>नकदी के
दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर
मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया
तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा
फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम
की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6
फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट
इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस
मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर</span>, <span>ब्राजील में
शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के
सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में
कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़</span>, <span>उत्तराखंड</span>, <span>ओडीसा</span>, <span>मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि
इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के
जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस
संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- </span><a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
).
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>बहरहाल</span>, <span>पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा
रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके
भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं</span>, <span>वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट
के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से
चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा
है।<span>&nbsp;</span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई
कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के
मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस
प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक
तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के
अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना
चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की
विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा </span>?.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार
अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से
बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: </span><a href="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-system-pds-42.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy<br />stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2</a><span>
</span><span>).</span><span></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि
दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक
परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली
सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति
व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&ldquo; <span>परिवर्तन</span>&rdquo; <span>नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के
तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है
कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले
साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज
की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम
है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि </span>&ldquo; <span>हम चाहे जो भी
व्यवस्था करें</span>, <span>इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग
ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है </span>&rdquo;
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन
सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में
चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं
हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा
था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या
से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन
करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है</span>,
<span>इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी
गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और
समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।<span>&nbsp;
</span>रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है</span>, <span>सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान
होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर
टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते।
धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस
के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर
भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है।
बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया
गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि
तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है।</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते
हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल
किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों
से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का
इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ
रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों
की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक
करें- </span><a href="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf" title="http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf">http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india<br />/states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf</a><span>
</span>)
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
<span>इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री
निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है:</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dear
Manmohan Singh: BPL households don&rsquo;t think cash transfers will be better than
the PDS <a href="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/" title="http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-households-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pds/">http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house<br />holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd<br />s/</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Replacing
PDS with cash transfers <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_on_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o<br />n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Govt
forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a
survey say no to cash transfer <a href="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites" title="http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcing-cash-transfer-delhites">http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin<br />g-cash-transfer-delhites</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Corruption
in the PDS &amp; will coupons or cash transfer work better? <a href="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better" title="http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-cash-transfer-work-better">http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c<br />ash-transfer-work-better</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">People
prefer PDS over cash transfers <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over-cash-transfers-9935.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over<br />-cash-transfers-9935.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS
leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Dr&egrave;ze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?homepage=true">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho<br />mepage=true</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, <a href="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm" title="http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm">http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">PDS:
Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, <a href="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject" title="http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialogue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject">http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog<br />ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Dreze
urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The
Business Standard, 22 July,
2011, <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/" title="http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/">http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm<br />-to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/</a></span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Revival
of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera <a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_revival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.pdf">http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev<br />ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011.<br />pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
PDS learning curve <a href="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve" title="http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve">http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/August_2011_proposal_submitted_mission_convergence_god_pilot_cash_transfers_may_2010.pdf" target="_blank">An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi&nbsp;-
<br />Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi</a> (SEWA BHARAT, May
2010)</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span><a href="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/July_2011_agreement_undp_gnctd_cash_transfers_25_jan_2011.pdf" target="_blank">Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program<br />me) -
India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter<br />ritory of Delhi) on cash
transfers</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Survey
on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, <a href="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi" title="http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi">http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents<br />/survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Do
Poor People in Delhi
want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi,
October 2009,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf" title="http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf">http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, <a href="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html" title="https://im4change.in/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committee-slams-the-pds-1759.html">http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ<br />ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Justice
Wadhwa Committee on PDS,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm" title="http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%20PDS.htm">http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2<br />0PDS.htm</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Bolsa
Familia in Brazil:
Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf" title="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09_28_engl.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09<br />_28_engl.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">The
Nuts and Bolts of Brazil&rsquo;s Bolsa Fam&iacute;lia Program: Implementing Conditional Cash
Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs
and B&eacute;n&eacute;dicte de la Bri&egrave;re, May 2007,</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"><a href="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf" title="http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf">http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services%<br />20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">HUNGaMA:
Fighting Hunger &amp; Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, <a href="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2" title="https://im4change.in/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.html?pgno=2">http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht<br />ml?pgno=2</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Poor
want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, <a href="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html" title="https://im4change.in/rural-news-update/poor-want-ration-not-cash-activists-15690.html">http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio<br />n-not-cash-activists-15690.html</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">Delhi</span><span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white"> government faces SC&rsquo;s wrath
for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, <a href="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982" title="http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-for-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982">http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo<br />r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982</a></span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white">&nbsp;</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>'
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क्या कैश-ट्रांसफर के लिए पीडीएस को खत्म किया जा सकता है?

अनाज इतना है कि सरकारी गोदामों में उन्हें संभाल पाना मुश्किल हो रहा है और सरकार के पास धन की ऐसी कमी है कि वह खर्च कम करके संयम बरतने की सलाह दे रही है। फिर भी, विश्वबैंक की सलाह को अपने सर माथे चढ़ाकर सरकार सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली(पीडीएस) के जरिए अनाज बांटना बंद करना और लोगों को इसकी जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर के जरिए नकदी देना चाहती है। देश के विभिन्न भागों में होने वाले सर्वेक्षण, मौका मुआयना पर आधारित अध्ययन और जन-सुनवाइयों में बार-बार साबित हुआ है कि लोगों को नकदी की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेना कहीं ज्यादा पसंद है। साल 2011 में दस राज्यों में ज्यां द्रेज के साथ मिलकर किए गए अपने अध्ययन में ऋतिका खेड़ा ने कहा कि अध्ययन में शामिल दो तिहाई परिवारों ने कैश-ट्रांसफर की जगह सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के जरिए अनाज लेने में ज्यादा रुचि दिखायी। छत्तीसगढ़, ओडीसा और आंध्रप्रदेश में ज्यादातर लोग पीडीएस के पक्ष में थे। लोगों को पीडीएस के जरिए अनाज लेना कई वजहों से पसंद है। इन वजहों में शामिल है- आहार की सुरक्षा, बैंक या पोस्टऑफिस तक पहुंच, बाजार तक पहुंच, ग्रामीण इलाकों में बाजार का पिछड़ा होना, नकदी के दुरुपयोग( शराब आदि में) की आशंका और यह भय कि स्थानीय सौदागर आपस में मिलकर मनमाने दाम ना वसूल करने लग जायें। यदि पीडीएस की जगह कैश-ट्रांसफर को अपनाया गया तो अनाज की ढुलाई और भंडारण में होने वाले खर्च का बोझ भी गरीब की जेब पर पड़ेगा। ब्राजील के कैश ट्रांसफर मॉडल -बोलसा फैमिला- का भारत गलत अनुकरण कर रहा है। सवा डालर (प्रति व्यक्ति प्रति दिन) से कम की आमदनी को गरीबी का पैमाना मानें तो साल 2009 में ब्राजील में गरीबों की तादाद 6 फीसदी थी जबकि भारत में साल 2010 में गरीबों की संख्या 33 फीसदी( वर्ल्ड डेवलपमेंट इंडिकेटर्स के अनुसार)। ब्राजील में साक्षरता तकरीबन शत-प्रतिशत है जबकि भारत इस मामले में बहुत पीछे है। फिर, ब्राजील में शहरीकरण भारत की तुलना में ज्यादा है। भारत में कुपोषण मिटाने के लिए सरकार के सीधे हस्तक्षेप की जरुरत है। ऋतिका खेंड़ा के उपरोक्त अध्ययन में कहना है कि पीडीएस की प्रणाली को सुधारा जा सकता है। छत्तीसगढ़, उत्तराखंड, ओडीसा, मध्यप्रदेश और उत्तरप्रदेश के उदाहरणों से जाहिर होता है कि इन राज्यों ने साल 2004-05 से 2007-08 की अवधि में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली के जरिए लोगों को सामान मुहैया कराने के मामले में अच्छी प्रगति की है। ( कृपया इस संदर्भ में विस्तार से जानकारी के लिए देखें लिंक- http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over -cash-transfers-9935.html ). बहरहाल, पीडीएस को नकारा साबित करने के लिए व्यवस्थित तरीके से उसकी अनदेखी की जा रही है। सरकारी अधिकारी अपनी तरफ से इस मामले में अपने दायित्वों की उपेक्षा करके भूमिका निर्वाह कर रहे हैं, वे सुप्रीम कोर्ट के आदेशों और दिशा-निर्देशों का भी उल्लंघन कर रहे हैं। उनकी मिलीभगत सौदागरों से चल रही है और पीडीएस का अनाज लोगों के घर में जाने की जगह मंडी में पहुंच रहा है।  भलसवा लोकशक्ति मंच के आरटीआई कार्यकर्ता श्री मनमोहन सिंह का मानना है कि अभिशासन(गवर्नेंस) और जवाबदेही के मामले में सुधार लाने की जगह सरकार भ्रष्टाचार का हौव्वा खड़ा करके पूरी पीडीएस प्रणाली को ही खत्म कर देना चाहती है। श्री सिंह के अनुसार सरकार की नीतियां एक तरफ लोगों को भुखमरी की तरफ ढकेल रही हैं तो दूसरी तरफ लोगों को हासिल भोजन के अधिकार का निवाला सरकार कैश-ट्रांसफर जैसी नीतियों को अपनाने का सुझाव देकर छीनना चाहती है। श्री सिंह का सवाल है- इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि कैश-ट्रांसफर की विधि अपनाने पर भ्रष्टाचार नहीं होगा ?. साल 2011 में रोजी रोटी अधिकार अभियान द्वारा करवाये गए एक सर्वे में 91.4 फीसदी लोगों ने कहा कि कैश-ट्रांसफर से बेहतर विकल्प उनके लिए पीडीएस प्रणाली ही है ( देखें लिंक: http://www.im4change.org/hunger-hdi/public-distribution-sy stem-pds-42.html?pgno=2 ). श्री मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि दिल्ली के रघुबीर नगर इलाके में पायलेट सर्वे के रुप में पाँच सदस्यों वाले एक परिवार को अनाज के मासिक खर्च के रुप में कैश-ट्रांसफर प्रणाली के तहत दिल्ली सरकार द्वारा 1000 रुपये दिया जाना नाकाफी है। इतनी रकम से शहरी इलाके में प्रति व्यक्ति प्रतिदिन 2200 किलोकैलोरी क्षमता वाला भोजन हासिल करना मुश्किल है। “ परिवर्तन” नाम की एक स्वयंसेवी संस्था को इस तर्क पर आपत्ति है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के तहत अनाज की कालाबाजारी दरअसल व्यवस्थागत खामी का पऱिणाम है और इसका निदान यही है कि फूड-कूपन जारी किए जायें। फूड-कूपन जारी करने का सुझाव वित्तमंत्री ने पिछले साल बजट अभिभाषण में दिया था। परिवर्तन का कहना है कि पीडीएस प्रणाली के भीतर अनाज की कालाबाजारी व्यवस्थागत असफलता का परिणाम नहीं बल्कि सरकारी असफलता का परिणाम है। परिवर्तन का तर्क है कि “ हम चाहे जो भी व्यवस्था करें, इस व्यवस्था की निगरानी पर बहाल लोग ही इसमें सेधमारी करेंगी तो व्यवस्था को असफल होना ही है ” सूचना के अधिकार कार्यकर्ता मनमोहन सिंह का कहना है कि ढेरों आरटीआई की अर्जियां डालने के बावजूद सरकारी राशन-दुकानों ने अपने उपभोक्ता के लिए सूचनाएं प्रदर्शित करने में कोताही बरती है। पीडीएस में चल रही अनियमितता के बारे में बार-बार शिकायतें की गईं लेकिन इन पर सुनवाई नहीं हुई। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने सरकार को इस बाबत फटकार भी लगायी है। दिल्ली सरकार ने कहा था कि बीपीएल कार्ड जारी करने के मामले में एक सीमा होनी चाहिए कि एक खास संख्या से ज्यादा बीपीएल कार्ड नहीं जारी किए जायेंगे। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा था कि पलायन करके जीविका की तलाश में दिल्ली पहुंचने वाले लोगों की तादाद बहुत ज्यादा है, इसलिए ऐसी कोई सीमा नहीं निर्धारित की जानी चाहिए। परिवर्तन नामक संस्था द्वारा करवायी गई एक जनवाई की रिपोर्ट में पीडीएस प्रणाली के संचालन में हो रही कई गड़बड़ियों और समस्याओं की तरफ ध्यान दिलाया गया है।  रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि नियमों का सरेआम उल्लंघन हो रहा है, सरकारी अधिकारी कोई कार्रवाई नहीं करते और समस्या से अंजान होने का बहाना करते हैं या फिर अपनी जिम्मेदारी को किसी और विभागीय अधिकारी के ऊपर टाल देते हैं। अधिकारी कागज पर आदेश जारी करते हैं लेकिन उन्हें लागू नहीं करते। धोखाधड़ी करने वाले लोगों ने अपनी पहुंच हाईकोर्ट तक बना रखी है और उन्हें पीडीएस के तहत रखे गए अनाज की सूचना को जगजाहिर ना करने के बारे में कोर्ट से स्टेआर्डर भी मिल जाता है जबकि यह सुप्रीम कोर्ट द्वारा जारी दिशा-निर्देशों के विरुद्ध है। बहुत कम सरकारी राशन-दुकानों पर वांछित सूचना को सार्वजनिक तौर पर प्रदर्शित किया गया है। परिवर्तन ने पूर्वी दिल्ली की एक कॉलोनी में सर्वेक्षण के बाद पाया कि तकरीबन 90 फीसदी अनाज चोरबाजारी का शिकार हुआ है। सूचना के अधिकार का इस्तेमाल करते हुए परिवर्तन ने दिल्ली के कई इलाकों से सरकारी राशन-दुकानों के रिकार्ड हासिल किए। इन दस्तावेजों से पता चलता है कि तकरीबन सारी जगहों पर सरकारी राशन-दुकानों से अनाज की चोरबाजारी हुई। इसके लिए दुकानदारों ने कार्डधारी के फर्जी दस्तखत का इस्तेमाल किया जबकि कार्डधारियों को यह लगता रहा कि सरकार की तरफ से अनाज नहीं आ रहा है। इस बात के पर्याप्त साक्ष्य हैं कि विभागीय अधिकारियों और राशन-दुकानदारों की मिलीभगत से राशन की चोरबाजारी हो रही है। ( पूरी रिपोर्ट के लिए कृपया क्लिक करें- http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/ai/rti/india /states/delhi/jansunwai_report_pds.pdf ) इस संदर्भ में विशेष सामग्री निम्नलिखित लिंक पर मौजूद है: Dear Manmohan Singh: BPL households don’t think cash transfers will be better than the PDS http://kafila.org/2011/07/23/dear-manmohan-singh-bpl-house holds-dont-think-cash-transfers-will-be-better-than-the-pd s/   Replacing PDS with cash transfers http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/May_2011_Draft_note_o n_replacing_PDS_with_cash_transfers_English.pdf   Govt forcing cash transfer on Delhites, Ninety one percent of 4,005 respondents in a survey say no to cash transfer http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/govt-forcin g-cash-transfer-delhites   Corruption in the PDS & will coupons or cash transfer work better? http://viveks.info/corruption-in-the-pds-will-coupons-or-c ash-transfer-work-better   People prefer PDS over cash transfers http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/people-prefer-pds-over -cash-transfers-9935.html   PDS leakages: the plot thickens by Jean Drèze and Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 August, 2011, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article2351414.ece?ho mepage=true   PDS: Signs of revival by Reetika Khera, The Hindu, 12 June, 2011, http://www.hindu.com/mag/2011/06/12/stories/2011061250110400.htm   PDS: Reform or Reject? by Rukmini Shrinivasan, The Times of India, 27 July, 2011, http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/developmentdialog ue/entry/pds-reform-or-reject   Dreze urges PM to keep cash out of food security Bill by Sreelatha Menon, The Business Standard, 22 July, 2011, http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/dreze-urges-pm -to-keep-cash-outfood-security-bill/443542/   Revival of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations - Reetika Khera http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/pds/December_2011_rev ival_of_pds_evidence_explanations_reetika_5_november_2011. pdf   The PDS learning curve http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/pds-learning-curve An experimental pilot for cash transfers in Delhi - Proposal submitted to Mission Convergence, Govt. of Delhi (SEWA BHARAT, May 2010) Agreement between UNDP (United Nations Development Program me) - India and GNCTD (Government of National Capital Ter ritory of Delhi) on cash transfers Survey on preference between PDS and cash transfers in Delhi by Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan, Delhi, http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents /survey-preference-between-pds-and-cash-transfers-delhi   Do Poor People in Delhi want to change from PDS to Cash Transfers?-A Study conducted by SEWA Delhi, October 2009, http://www.sewabharat.org/Delhi%20cash%20transfers%20english.pdf   Justice Wadhwa Committee slams the PDS, http://www.im4change.org/news-alert/justice-wadhwa-committ ee-slams-the-pds-1759.html   Justice Wadhwa Committee on PDS, http://pdscvc.nic.in/report%20on%20computersisation%20of%2 0PDS.htm   Bolsa Familia in Brazil: Context, Concept and Impacts (2009), ILO, http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/jobcrisis/download/109B09 _28_engl.pdf   The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context-Kathy Lindert, Anja Linder, Jason Hobbs and Bénédicte de la Brière, May 2007, http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2008Fall/ARE253/PN3%20Services% 20for%20Poor/Brazil_BolsaFamilia.pdf   HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger & Malnutrition (2011), Naandi Foundation, http://www.im4change.org/law-justice/disaster-relief-41.ht ml?pgno=2   Poor want ration, not cash: Activists, IANS, News Track India, 15 June, 2012, http://www.im4change.org/rural-news-update/poor-want-ratio n-not-cash-activists-15690.html   Delhi government faces SC’s wrath for not issuing ration card, Jagran Post, 18 May, 2011, http://post.jagran.com/Delhi-government-faces-SCs-wrath-fo r-not-issuing-ration-card-1305730982