Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr680e9788cb594-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The agency&amp;rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. &lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&amp;rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &amp;ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&amp;rdquo; &lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &amp;ldquo;collapsed&amp;rdquo; at the end of 2008. &lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. &lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. &lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;font face=&quot;arial,helvetica,sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&amp;rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. &lt;/font&gt;
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                <strong>Tough times ahead for shipping industry owing to economic crisis, reports UN agency</strong></h1>
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                <span class="fullstory"><font >Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1" title="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1">UNCTAD</a><font >). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
<p align="justify">
<font >The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
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                <strong>Tough times ahead for shipping industry owing to economic crisis, reports UN agency</strong></h1>
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                <span class="fullstory"><font >Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1" title="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1">UNCTAD</a><font >). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
<p align="justify">
<font >The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
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                <strong>Tough times ahead for shipping industry owing to economic crisis, reports UN agency</strong></h1>
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                <span class="fullstory"><font >Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1" title="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1">UNCTAD</a><font >). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
<p align="justify">
<font >The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
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		'description' => '<span class="fullstory"><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1"><strong><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3" color="#993300">UNCTAD</font></strong></a><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
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<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
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	'disp' => '<span class="fullstory"><font >Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1" title="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1">UNCTAD</a><font >). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
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<font >The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
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<p align="justify">
<font >&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
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<font >It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
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<p align="justify">
<font >These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
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<p align="justify">
<font >In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
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	'title' => 'Tough times ahead for shipping industry owing to economic crisis, reports UN agency',
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	'description' => '<span class="fullstory"><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1"><strong><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3" color="#993300">UNCTAD</font></strong></a><font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font face="arial,helvetica,sans-serif" size="3">In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
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$disp = '<span class="fullstory"><font >Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (</font><a href="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1" title="http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=5242&amp;lang=1">UNCTAD</a><font >). </font></span><span class="fullstory">
<p align="justify">
<font >The agency&rsquo;s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >&ldquo;Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,&rdquo; UNCTAD states in a news release. &ldquo;However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.&rdquo; </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade &ldquo;collapsed&rdquo; at the end of 2008. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year&rsquo;s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year &ndash; around 5.1 per cent &ndash; with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. </font>
</p>
<p align="justify">
<font >In addition, Africa&rsquo;s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.</font>
</p>
</span>'
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Tough times ahead for shipping industry owing to economic crisis, reports UN agency

Around 80 per cent of global trade is transported by sea but challenging times are ahead for the shipping industry, which is faced with a surge in the supply of vessels and tumbling freight rates amid the economic crisis, says a report released today by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The agency’s Review of Maritime Transport 2009, known as RMT, notes that international seaborne trade grew by 3.6 per cent in 2008 to a record 8.17 billion tons. However, this growth is lower than the previous year. “Towards the middle of 2009 a partial recovery was seen, with rates at around 40 per cent of their 2008 peak,” UNCTAD states in a news release. “However, volatility in freight rates remains, suggesting uncertain times ahead for developing economies dependent on trade in commodities.” It adds that high inventory levels in the supply chain helped prevent a similar decline in containerized trade, but the volume of container trade “collapsed” at the end of 2008. Exacerbating the situation is the fact that the decline in trade volumes is occurring at the same time as the world merchant fleet has expanded, says the report, which covers the 18-month period from January 2008 through mid-2009. These challenges are further compounded by other developments, the report adds, including maritime security at sea and the need to address climate change. Every year, the RMT reviews transport developments in a particular region and this year’s focus is on developments in Africa since 2006, when UNCTAD last reported on the region. According to the report, despite the global financial crisis, the region still experienced strong growth last year – around 5.1 per cent – with the top performers being the resource-rich countries, such as Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ethiopia and the Republic of Congo. In addition, Africa’s share of overall world trade remains at 2.7 per cent, with its main trading partners being the European Union and North America.