Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68038875003ed-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38202
$metaTitle = &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in) | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-TheWire.in<br /><br /><em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br /></em><br />P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br /><br />Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br /><br /><em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br /></em><br />There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br /><br />The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br /><br />These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br /><br />Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br /><br /><em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br /></em><br />This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br /><br /><em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br /></em><br />They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br /><br /><em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br /></em><br />Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br /><br />So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br /><br /><em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br /></em><br />That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br /><br />You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br /><br /><em><br />TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan" title="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68038875003ed-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38202
$metaTitle = &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in) | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-TheWire.in<br /><br /><em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br /></em><br />P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br /><br />Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br /><br /><em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br /></em><br />There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br /><br />The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br /><br />These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br /><br />Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br /><br /><em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br /></em><br />This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br /><br /><em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br /></em><br />They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br /><br /><em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br /></em><br />Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br /><br />So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br /><br /><em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br /></em><br />That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br /><br />You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br /><br /><em><br />TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan" title="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68038875003ed-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038875003ed-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr68038875003ed-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38202,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 14,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686333,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38202
$metaTitle = &#039;Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;reservation,Job reservation,Quota&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* How do you react to the government&amp;rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* So what about the government&amp;rsquo;s current step?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&amp;rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Narasimha Rao&amp;rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, I don&amp;rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That isn&amp;rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&amp;rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to access&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>interviews/ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in) | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-TheWire.in<br /><br /><em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br /></em><br />P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br /><br />Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br /><br /><em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br /></em><br />There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br /><br />The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br /><br />These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br /><br />Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br /><br /><em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br /></em><br />This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br /><br /><em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br /></em><br />They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br /><br /><em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br /></em><br />Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br /><br />So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br /><br /><em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br /></em><br />That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br /><br />You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br /><br /><em><br />TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan" title="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 38202,
		'title' => 'PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-TheWire.in<br />
<br />
<em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br />
</em><br />
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br />
<br />
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br />
<br />
<em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br />
</em><br />
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br />
<br />
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br />
<br />
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br />
<br />
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br />
<br />
<em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br />
</em><br />
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br />
<br />
<em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br />
</em><br />
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br />
<br />
<em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br />
</em><br />
Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br />
<br />
So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br />
<br />
<em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br />
</em><br />
That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br />
<br />
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br />
<br />
<em><br />
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan',
		'article_img' => 'im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg',
		'article_img_thumb' => 'im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 14,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4686333,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 38202,
	'metaTitle' => 'Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)',
	'metaKeywords' => 'reservation,Job reservation,Quota',
	'metaDesc' => '
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-TheWire.in<br /><br /><em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br /></em><br />P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br /><br />Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br /><br /><em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br /></em><br />There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br /><br />The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br /><br />These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br /><br />Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br /><br /><em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br /></em><br />This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br /><br /><em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br /></em><br />They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br /><br /><em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br /></em><br />Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br /><br />So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br /><br /><em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br /></em><br />That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br /><br />You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br /><br /><em><br />TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan" title="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 38202,
	'title' => 'PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-TheWire.in<br />
<br />
<em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br />
</em><br />
P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br />
<br />
Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br />
<br />
<em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br />
</em><br />
There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br />
<br />
The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br />
<br />
These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br />
<br />
Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br />
<br />
<em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br />
</em><br />
This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br />
<br />
<em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br />
</em><br />
They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br />
<br />
<em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br />
</em><br />
Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br />
<br />
So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br />
<br />
<em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br />
</em><br />
That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br />
<br />
You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br />
<br />
<em><br />
TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em>
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan',
	'article_img' => 'im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg',
	'article_img_thumb' => 'im4change_21PS_Krishnan.jpg',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 14,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'ps-krishnan-former-secretary-to-government-of-india-interviewed-by-hridayesh-joshi-thewire-in-4686333',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4686333,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 38202
$metaTitle = 'Interviews | PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)'
$metaKeywords = 'reservation,Job reservation,Quota'
$metaDesc = '
-TheWire.in

In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.

P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-TheWire.in<br /><br /><em>In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation.<br /></em><br />P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny.<br /><br />Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes.<br /><br /><em>* How do you react to the government&rsquo;s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes?<br /></em><br />There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system.<br /><br />The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality.<br /><br />These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system.<br /><br />Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation.<br /><br /><em>* So what about the government&rsquo;s current step?<br /></em><br />This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down.<br /><br /><em>* Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development?<br /></em><br />They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can&rsquo;t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections.<br /><br /><em>* When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time?<br /></em><br />Narasimha Rao&rsquo;s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure.<br /><br />So, I don&rsquo;t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow.<br /><br /><em>* But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that?<br /></em><br />That isn&rsquo;t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution&rsquo;s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system.<br /><br />You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see.<br /><br /><em><br />TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan" title="https://thewire.in/politics/upper-caste-reservation-bill-ps-krishnan">click here</a> to access</em></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><strong>Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in</strong> <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

PS Krishnan, former secretary to government of India, interviewed by Hridayesh Joshi (TheWire.in)

-TheWire.in In an interview with The Wire, former secretary to the government of India P.S. Krishnan says economically weaker sections require financial aid, not reservation. P.S. Krishnan, the former secretary to government of India, was one of the crucial people behind the enactment of several historic laws regarding social justice. The current Bill proposed by the government to provide reservation to economically weaker upper castes in jobs and education, he says, violates the Constitution and may not withstand judicial scrutiny. Speaking to The Wire, Krishnan said the Constitution did not envisage reservation provided by to SC and ST communities as a poverty alleviation programme. The economically backward upper castes do not need reservation, he says. They need scholarships, education loans, skill development assistance and other welfare schemes. * How do you react to the government’s decision to give 10% quota in jobs to economically backward upper castes? There are poor people among upper castes who need help. This should be appropriate and constitutionally sustainable. Our constitution introduced reservation and other social justice measures for those who were excluded collectively from education and entry into services of the state and better opportunities because of the caste system. They inherited the caste system. The writers of our Constitution deeply and poignantly considered the caste system and the harm it has done. They realised it had to be eliminated and those who suffered by it needed support to achieve equality. These were the victims of untouchability i.e. scheduled castes and schedule tribes. They were socially and educationally backward classes. This was the basic structure. It was not a programme to eliminate poverty. It was part of a national enterprise to remove the inequalities created by the caste system. Now, there are poor people in all castes. They are poor Brahmins, poor Thakurs, poor Syeds and poor Banias who need help to complete their education. So, they need comprehensive scholarship, education loans, skill development assistance. They are economically backward, not socially. They require only economic support, not reservation. * So what about the government’s current step? This has not been done appropriately and may be questioned in the Supreme Court. The issue here is that whether it is in accordance with the basic structure of the Constitution. It may be found violative of the basic structure and on that ground, struck down. * Several socially powerful castes such as Jats, Marathas and Patidars have been seeking reservation. How do you see this step in the light of this development? They all have a high social status. Firstly, they can’t be called backward classes. In the Bill, they are not being called backward classes. They are being called economically weaker sections. The Constitution does not provide for reservation to economically weaker sections. * When the P.V. Narasimha Rao government tried to provide reservation to the economically weaker sections, the Supreme Court struck that down. How is it different this time? Narasimha Rao’s government only passed an executive order. Now, parliament is considering a Constitutional amendment. Therefore, the government hopes that it will withstand judicial scrutiny. But that scrutiny will still ask if this Bill or law is not violative of the Constitution’s basic structure. So, I don’t think making a Constitutional provision or including it in the ninth schedule will make it immune from judicial scrutiny. It will definitely follow. * But finance minister Arun Jaitley in parliament said the 50% ceiling was for caste-based reservation. Here, the government is proposing reservation for economically poor. Do you agree with that? That isn’t the main problem. The question is whether the Constitution’s basic structure was violated or not. The Constitution has a special provision for victims of the caste system. The economically backward are not victims of the caste system. You are creating a percentage of reservation for people who are not the victims of the caste system. What the Supreme Court will ultimately say, we will have to see. TheWire.in, 9 January, 2019, please click here to access   Image Courtesy: Youtube/ TheWire.in