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Srinivas Goli, Associate Professor and demographer at the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai , interviewed by Puja Awasthi (The Week)

-TheWeek.in

Greater damage to planet is unsustainable consumption and inequalities, he says

We are now 8 billion strong, just 11 years after the world’s population touched 7 billion. The United Nations designated November 15 as the official day to mark the 8 billion milestone, although it’s hard to identify precisely when we reached it. 

What exactly does it mean to be a world of 8 billion for humanity? Experts have varying opinions. Many are pessimistic, saying the milestone tends to gloss over how continued growth could adversely affect people and the planet, including the climate and environment, food security, water, health, civil conflict, refugees, displacement, and rising global inequity. Some economists and demographers argue population growth with a declining rate is a good thing for the economy and innovation.

Here, Srinivas Goli, Associate Professor and demographer at the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai answers some of the most important questions on the issue. 

Q. Is it a myth that the planet cannot provide for all of humanity?

Going by a reading of global population trends, technological progress, consumption and income inequalities together, the concern that the planet can't carry 8 billion is not completely correct.

There is no doubt that the optimum population a planet can carry is essential for the sustainability of not only humanity but also nature. However, it is equally important to know answers to the question: how much is the earth's carrying capacity? In very simple terms, the earth's carrying capacity is defined as the population per a given number of resources. Since the early 1970s, alarmists like Neo-Malthusians or Club of Rome have been suggesting that the earth's carrying capacity is around 4 billion, but we are feeding 8 billion today alongside tremendous heterogeneity in consumption and wastage owing to social and economic inequalities. 

Furthermore, the planet's carrying capacity changes according to technological innovations in generating new resources and optimizing the use of existing resources. Precisely because of this reason, unlike what Malthus predicted, the world has not ended with a rise in population. Except for a few isolated famines in some parts of the world, contemporary societies have not seen persistent global famines killing a large number of people. Moreover, the reasons for famines in some geographies are attributable to misgovernance and existing socio-economic inequalities in the distribution of resources rather than the population numbers.

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Image Courtesy: TheWeek.in