Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67fe372da808f-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe372da808f-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67fe372da808f-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | 40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 23372,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 4 December, 2013, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/40-of-Indian-men-are-hardcore-sexists-Study/articleshow/26813310.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.</p><p align="justify">Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).</p><p align="justify">The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.</p><p align="justify">Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.</p><p align="justify">Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.</p><p align="justify">Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.</p><p align="justify">Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.</p><p align="justify">Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.</p><p align="justify">The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.</p><p align="justify">ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.</p><p align="justify">The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;</p><p align="justify"><em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em></p><p align="justify">&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.</p><p align="justify">UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
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Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | 40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 23372,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 4 December, 2013, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/40-of-Indian-men-are-hardcore-sexists-Study/articleshow/26813310.cms&#039;,
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;
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Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. 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In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. 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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate..."/>
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                <strong>40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.</p><p align="justify">Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).</p><p align="justify">The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.</p><p align="justify">Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.</p><p align="justify">Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.</p><p align="justify">Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.</p><p align="justify">Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.</p><p align="justify">Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.</p><p align="justify">The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.</p><p align="justify">ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.</p><p align="justify">The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;</p><p align="justify"><em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em></p><p align="justify">&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.</p><p align="justify">UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
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Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
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The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
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Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
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Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
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&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
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UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 23372,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold &#039;rigid and discriminatory&#039; gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one&#039;s partner.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife&#039;s behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given the high ratio of &#039;rigidly masculine&#039; men, it wasn&#039;t surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women&#039;s admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation&#039;s Population Fund.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &amp;quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#039;Men must be part of the solution&#039;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Transformation of men and women&#039;s empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp;amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be &#039;part of the solution&#039;. &amp;quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&amp;quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA&#039;s founder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. &#039;GEMS&#039; project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate..."/>
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                <strong>40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.</p><p align="justify">Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).</p><p align="justify">The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.</p><p align="justify">Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.</p><p align="justify">Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.</p><p align="justify">Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.</p><p align="justify">Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.</p><p align="justify">Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.</p><p align="justify">The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.</p><p align="justify">ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.</p><p align="justify">The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;</p><p align="justify"><em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em></p><p align="justify">&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.</p><p align="justify">UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.</p>               </font>
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-The Times of India
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
<em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
</p>
<p align="justify">
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
</p>
<p align="justify">
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.
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UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.</p><p align="justify">Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).</p><p align="justify">The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.</p><p align="justify">Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.</p><p align="justify">Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.</p><p align="justify">Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.</p><p align="justify">Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.</p><p align="justify">Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.</p><p align="justify">The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.</p><p align="justify">ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.</p><p align="justify">The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;</p><p align="justify"><em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em></p><p align="justify">&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.</p><p align="justify">UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.</p>',
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	'title' => '40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably',
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-The Times of India
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
<em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).
</p>
<p align="justify">
The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.
</p>
<p align="justify">
ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.
</p>
<p align="justify">
UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.
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-The Times of India



MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making.</p><p align="justify">Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%).</p><p align="justify">The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner.</p><p align="justify">Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine.</p><p align="justify">Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum.</p><p align="justify">Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha.</p><p align="justify">Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men.</p><p align="justify">Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011.</p><p align="justify">The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions.</p><p align="justify">ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund.</p><p align="justify">The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, &quot;In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women.&quot;</p><p align="justify"><em>'Men must be part of the solution'</em></p><p align="justify">&quot;Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence &amp; Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. &quot;We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training,&quot; says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder.</p><p align="justify">UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.</p>'
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40% of Indian men are hardcore sexists: Study -Lubna Kably

-The Times of India MUMBAI: Around two in five men in India - nearly 40.7% - were found to hold 'rigid and discriminatory' gender views. This segment believes women to be inferior. Such men are very controlling. They tend to dictate whom the wives can meet and do not allow participation in decision-making. Further, men who hold the most rigid views of masculinity are three times more likely to physically abuse their partner and nearly four times likelier to want their wives to bear a son over a daughter. Such traits of rigid masculinity were, in preliminary findings, the highest in Uttar Pradesh (64%) and comparatively lower in Rajasthan (22%) and Maharashtra (25%). The preliminary findings, as of November 2013, are based on studies undertaken by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) covering seven Indian states. The study relates traits of masculinity with son preference and violence against one's partner. Researchers point out that all men cannot be clubbed in one category as they hold a wide range of beliefs relating to gender equality. ICRW has classified them into various categories - equitable men, flexible behaviour men, flexible attitude men and, lastly, the rigidly masculine. Only one in four men (25.6%) fell in the equitable category. This segment strongly believes men and women are equal and such behaviour translates into sharing of household work and responsibility for contraception. They also do not feel they should control their wife's behaviour or that a woman is to be blamed for rape. The rest - around a third - fell somewhere between the two ends of the spectrum. Given the high ratio of 'rigidly masculine' men, it wasn't surprising that the ratio of violence against their partner was also high. Nearly 27% women, in aggregate across the states surveyed, reported violence in the past year. Nearly 49% of men in UP admitted to it (against an aggregate average of 34%). In UP, 44.6% women reported being subjected to violence. The other state where a large number of men admitted to it was Odisha. In terms of women's admitting to having suffered it, the aggregate prevalence was 31% and the highest at 59% was reported in Odisha. Survey results also showed that men who hold rigid masculinity views are four times more likely to want a son. At the aggregate level, 72% of them have a high son preference versus 19% of equitable men. Preference for a son can have severe health consequences for women and also result in a skewed population ratio. The child sex ratio (measuring birth to six years) has dropped from 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001 census to an all-time low of 914 according to Census 2011. The findings show that men with a secondary or higher education and urban men are more likely to be equitable. Economic stress also increases likelihood of rigid notions. ICRW researchers interviewed 9,205 men and 3,158 women aged 18-49 from Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and UP. A detailed report is yet to be formally issued by ICRW with the United Nation's Population Fund. The study reinforces steps must be taken to inculcate gender equality at an early stage-as in schools. Lata Narayan, professor, Centre for Life Long Learning at TISS, says, "In addition, it is also essential to bring about a mindset change in adults. Adult role models will play a crucial role in bringing about a change on a range of issues -be it dowry, inter-caste marriage to violence against women." 'Men must be part of the solution' "Transformation of men and women's empowerment cannot be mutually exclusive agendas. Men Against Violence & Abuse (MAVA) has been engaging men to change their traditional male-dominated outlook and be 'part of the solution'. "We primarily engage young men in schools, colleges and targeted communities in conversations around sexual health and preventing violence against women through leadership-driven training," says Harish Sadani, MAVA's founder. UNFPA-India is providing ongoing support for integration of life skills, which includes gender sensitivity in the secondary curriculum of National Institute of Open Schooling that enrols nearly 4 lakh students each year. Or ICRW-India in partnership with the Tata Institute for Social Sciences has developed and implemented a curriculum to engage students on issues related to inequitable gender norms and violence. 'GEMS' project as this is labelled has been implemented in public schools in Goa, Kota and Mumbai using different approaches.