Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68021b8f2b266-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68021b8f2b266-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68021b8f2b266-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal&#039;,
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-The Tribune
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Tribune&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Tribune
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
&lt;/p&gt;
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He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
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&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in..."/>
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                <strong>98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Tribune</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.</p><p align="justify">At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.</p><p align="justify">He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.</p><p align="justify">He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).</p><p align="justify">A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.</p><p align="justify">In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.</p><p align="justify">Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.</p><p align="justify"><em>Some solutions</em></p><p align="justify">    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly</p>               </font>
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-The Tribune
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
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At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
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He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
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&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
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He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
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A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
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In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
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Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
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&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
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&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
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    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;,
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-The Tribune
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
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At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
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He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in..."/>
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                <strong>98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Tribune</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.</p><p align="justify">At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.</p><p align="justify">He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.</p><p align="justify">He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).</p><p align="justify">A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.</p><p align="justify">In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.</p><p align="justify">Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.</p><p align="justify"><em>Some solutions</em></p><p align="justify">    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly</p>               </font>
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-The Tribune
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
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At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
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He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
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&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
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He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
&lt;/p&gt;
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A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
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In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
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Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
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&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
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    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Tribune&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Tribune
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Tribune&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chandigarh: &lt;/em&gt;One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&amp;quot; contends Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&amp;quot; says Verma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Some solutions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened&lt;br /&gt;    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents&lt;br /&gt;    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit&lt;br /&gt;    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers&#039; dependence on arhtiyas&lt;br /&gt;    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit&lt;br /&gt;    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in..."/>
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                <strong>98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Tribune</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.</p><p align="justify">At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.</p><p align="justify">He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.</p><p align="justify">He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).</p><p align="justify">A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.</p><p align="justify">In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.</p><p align="justify">Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.</p><p align="justify"><em>Some solutions</em></p><p align="justify">    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly</p>               </font>
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-The Tribune
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
<em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
</p>
<p align="justify">
At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
</p>
<p align="justify">
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
</p>
<p align="justify">
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>Some solutions</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
</p>',
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Tribune</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.</p><p align="justify">At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.</p><p align="justify">He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.</p><p align="justify">He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).</p><p align="justify">A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.</p><p align="justify">In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.</p><p align="justify">Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.</p><p align="justify"><em>Some solutions</em></p><p align="justify">    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly</p>',
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	'title' => '98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal',
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	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-The Tribune
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
<em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.
</p>
<p align="justify">
At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).
</p>
<p align="justify">
A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.
</p>
<p align="justify">
In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>Some solutions</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />
    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />
    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />
    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />
    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />
    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly
</p>',
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-The Tribune



Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Tribune</div><p align="justify"><br /><em>Chandigarh: </em>One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state.</p><p align="justify">At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks.</p><p align="justify">He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray,&quot; contends Verma.</p><p align="justify">He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents).</p><p align="justify">A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords.</p><p align="justify">In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest.</p><p align="justify">Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma.</p><p align="justify">&quot;Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser,&quot; says Verma.</p><p align="justify"><em>Some solutions</em></p><p align="justify">    Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened<br />    These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents<br />    A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit<br />    Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas<br />    Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit<br />    Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly</p>'
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98% households in villages under debt: Study -Sarbjit Dhaliwal

-The Tribune Chandigarh: One of the main reasons for a large number of suicides in the agriculture sector is debt. It is an established fact that Punjab farmers turn to non-institutional sources of credit despite a large network of banks in the state. At least 52.77 per cent rural households in the state are dependent on non-institutional sources for loans, says Dr Satish Verma, Professor, Reserve Bank of India Chair, CRRID. He says the demand for credit for productive and consumption purposes from non-institutional sources is high in villages that do not have banks. He says the decision-makers must keep in mind the interest of the landless, marginal cultivators and craftsmen while designing a credit policy for the rural sector. "Rural indebtedness in Punjab is high with 98 per cent households under debt. Each household has an outstanding debt of Rs 4.79 lakh or 96.73 per cent of its annual income. The challenge to institutional sources mainly comes from commission agents (arhtiyas). They mediate between the cultivator and food procuring agencies, lend money to farmers and supply inputs to the cultivator. It is this dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent which makes him an easy pray," contends Verma. He says that for the larger benefit of the farmers, cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened.These should be promoted as marketing agencies (as an alternative to commission agents). A study by Verma shows that in rural Punjab, merely 52.81 per cent adults have a bank account and only 25 per cent-30 per cent adult females have an account. It shows that 72.50 per cent labourers, agricultural and non-agricultural, have taken loans from commission agents and big landlords. In villages with banks, non-institutional sources charge less interest on loans for consumption purposes (18 per cent) than on agricultural loans (18-36 per cent), In villages without any bank, the interest rate for consumption purposes is 18-60 per cent and for agricultural purposes 24 per cent. In these villages, landlords and the moneylenders charge the highest rate of interest. Verma says indebtedness, particularly among the marginal/small and medium farmers, is very high. A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit, expanding the banking network in villages and reducing the dependence of the cultivator on the commission agent. Barriers in the flow of institutional credit ought to be minimised, says Verma. "Cultivators should be helped in selling their produce directly to the purchaser," says Verma. Some solutions Cooperative societies, as an institutional source of rural credit, must be strengthened These should be promoted as marketing agencies as an alternative to commission agents A way out could be increasing the share of institutional sources in rural credit Expanding the banking network in villages and reducing farmers' dependence on arhtiyas Minimising the barriers in the flow of institutional credit Cultivators should be able to sell their produce directly