Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 73, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'catslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]Code Context
trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);
}
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.' $stackFrame = (int) 1 $trace = [ (int) 0 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php', 'line' => (int) 2421, 'function' => 'deprecationWarning', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.' ] ], (int) 1 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ], (int) 2 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php', 'line' => (int) 610, 'function' => 'printArticle', 'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 3 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 120, 'function' => 'invokeAction', 'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller', 'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ], (int) 4 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php', 'line' => (int) 94, 'function' => '_invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {} ] ], (int) 5 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php', 'line' => (int) 235, 'function' => 'dispatch', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 6 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication', 'object' => object(App\Application) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 7 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 162, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 8 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 9 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 88, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 10 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 11 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php', 'line' => (int) 96, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 12 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 65, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware', 'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {} ] ], (int) 13 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php', 'line' => (int) 51, 'function' => '__invoke', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 14 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php', 'line' => (int) 98, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {} ] ], (int) 15 => [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php', 'line' => (int) 39, 'function' => 'run', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {}, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [] ] ] $frame = [ 'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php', 'line' => (int) 74, 'function' => 'offsetGet', 'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest', 'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) { trustProxy => false [protected] params => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] cookies => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _environment => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799/print' [protected] base => '' [protected] webroot => '/' [protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799/print' [protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] _input => null [protected] _detectors => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] _detectorCache => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {} [protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {} [protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {} [protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] emulatedAttributes => [ [maximum depth reached] ] [protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]] [protected] protocol => null [protected] requestTarget => null [private] deprecatedProperties => [ [maximum depth reached] ] }, 'type' => '->', 'args' => [ (int) 0 => 'artileslug' ] ]deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311 Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421 App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74 Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51 Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]Code Contextif (Configure::read('debug')) {
trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);
} else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) { 'status' => (int) 200, 'contentType' => 'text/html', 'headers' => [ 'Content-Type' => [ [maximum depth reached] ] ], 'file' => null, 'fileRange' => [], 'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {}, 'cacheDirectives' => [], 'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6801f23de51be-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801f23de51be-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6801f23de51be-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">> </span></span></code> <span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/> </span></code></span> <code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/> </span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6801f23de51be-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp' $dataForView = [ 'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 25763, 'title' => 'A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra', 'subheading' => '', 'description' => '<div align="justify"> -Vikalp </div> <p align="justify"> The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway. </p> <p align="justify"> Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more. </p>', 'credit_writer' => 'Vikalp, 24 August, 2014, http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799', 'meta_title' => null, 'meta_keywords' => null, 'meta_description' => null, 'noindex' => (int) 0, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => (int) 4673799, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ [maximum depth reached] ], '[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]], '[repository]' => 'Articles' }, 'articleid' => (int) 25763, 'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra', 'metaKeywords' => 'subsidies,Higher Education,education', 'metaDesc' => ' -Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an...', 'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Vikalp</div><p align="justify">The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. 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This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p>', 'lang' => 'English', 'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/', 'site_title' => 'im4change', 'adminprix' => 'admin' ] $article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) { 'id' => (int) 25763, 'title' => 'A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra', 'subheading' => '', 'description' => '<div align="justify"> -Vikalp </div> <p align="justify"> The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content=" -Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <div align="justify">-Vikalp</div><p align="justify">The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $maxBufferLength = (int) 8192 $file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php' $line = (int) 853 $message = 'Unable to emit headers. 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway. </p> <p align="justify"> Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more. </p>', 'credit_writer' => 'Vikalp, 24 August, 2014, http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html', 'article_img' => '', 'article_img_thumb' => '', 'status' => (int) 1, 'show_on_home' => (int) 1, 'lang' => 'EN', 'category_id' => (int) 16, 'tag_keyword' => '', 'seo_url' => 'a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799', 'meta_title' => null, 'meta_keywords' => null, 'meta_description' => null, 'noindex' => (int) 0, 'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {}, 'most_visit_section_id' => null, 'article_big_img' => null, 'liveid' => (int) 4673799, 'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {}, 'edate' => '', 'tags' => [ (int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}, (int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {} ], 'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {}, '[new]' => false, '[accessible]' => [ '*' => true, 'id' => false ], '[dirty]' => [], '[original]' => [], '[virtual]' => [], '[hasErrors]' => false, '[errors]' => [], '[invalid]' => [], '[repository]' => 'Articles' } $articleid = (int) 25763 $metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra' $metaKeywords = 'subsidies,Higher Education,education' $metaDesc = ' -Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an...' $disp = '<div align="justify">-Vikalp</div><p align="justify">The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content=" -Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <div align="justify">-Vikalp</div><p align="justify">The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $reasonPhrase = 'OK'header - [internal], line ?? Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148 Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54 Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141 [main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8 Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413 Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374 Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927 Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885 Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126 Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94 Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96 Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65 Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/a-case-against-curtailing-public-subsidises-in-higher-education-nivedita-sarkar-and-anuneeta-mitra-4673799.html"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/> <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra | Im4change.org</title> <meta name="description" content=" -Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an..."/> <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem var pic_real_width, pic_real_height; $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues .attr("src", $(img).attr("src")) .load(function () { pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images. }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> @media screen { div.divFooter { display: block; } } @media print { .printbutton { display: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center"> <tr> <td class="top_bg"> <div class="divFooter"> <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0" alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="topspace"> </td> </tr> <tr id="topspace"> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal"> <strong>A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra</strong></h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3"> <div align="justify">-Vikalp</div><p align="justify">The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p> </font> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;"> <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page " onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form> </td> </tr> </table></body> </html>' } $cookies = [] $values = [ (int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' ] $name = 'Content-Type' $first = true $value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'header - [internal], line ?? 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Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). 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It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway.</p><p align="justify">Please <a href="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html" title="http://www.vikalp.ind.in/2014/08/a-case-against-curtailing-public.html">click here</a> to read more.</p>' $lang = 'English' $SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/' $site_title = 'im4change' $adminprix = 'admin'
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A Case Against Curtailing Public Subsidises in Higher Education -Nivedita Sarkar and Anuneeta Mitra |
-Vikalp The contribution of education in economic development has been investigated since the early 1960s, originating in the University of Chicago (Schultz, 1961; Becker, 1964), championed by the Human Capital School - in which expenditure on education is regarded as an investment. It was argued through the endogenous growth theory (Lucas, 1988; Romer, 1990) that spending in education is crucial for increasing labour productivity and accelerating the pace of economic growth. Over the last three decades it has also been proven beyond doubt through numerous empirical researches that individual earnings are positively associated with years of schooling along with the fact that education confers a gamut of positive externalities to the society. Therefore, the much discussed possibility of market failure associated with positive externality brings forth the rationale for public intervention in education. However, public spending in the form of subsidies, on higher education is often argued to be highly inequitable - advocating a drastic cut in subsidies (Psacharopoulos, 1994; World Bank, 1994). This view has gained currency of late and draws attention to the skewed distribution of public subsidies in higher education, with its incidence shown to be distinctly pro-rich. Therefore, spending meagre government resources to finance the higher education of the rich is considered to be a colossal inefficient use of public money. Thus, it is often strongly suggested that scarce government resources should be redirected in favour of basic/primary education. In this article we attempt to scrutinize whether curtailing public spending in higher education would help in achieving the principle of equity? To do this we first investigate how much the government spends on higher education anyway. Please click here to read more. |