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A data scientist shows how South India is outperforming the rest of the country in almost all fields -Nilakantan RS

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An excerpt from ‘South vs North: India’s Great Divide’, by Nilakantan RS.

India’s states are unlike each other in the extreme. Haryana, one of India’s richest states, is six times richer than Bihar. In the years shortly after Independence, West Bengal was richer than most other large states in India when measured on a per capita income basis. Maharashtra, Punjab and Gujarat were close behind. In the last six decades, though, West Bengal has fallen significantly off its pole position; it is now a low-income state even by Indian standards. The rest of the high-income states on the list mentioned above have remained relatively stable.

The distance between the rich and poor states, nevertheless, has widened. All five of the southern states, unsurprisingly, were among the ten richest large states in 2018-19.

A prevailing theory in newly independent India was that with time, the economic growth and per capita income of various states would converge. This hypothesis was one of the assumptions on which the centralised approach to industrial planning was anchored back then. But many researchers have now shown that economically disparate states do not converge to a single steady state.

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