Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67eff52548778-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eff52548778-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67eff52548778-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>A fact check on Maneka Gandhi’s U-turn on marital rape -Ragini Bhuyan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br /></em><br />Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br /><br />The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br /><br />Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br /><br />That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br /><br />About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br /><br />Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br /><br />The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br /><br />Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br /><br />&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br /><br />Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br /><br />Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br /><br />While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;A fact check on Maneka Gandhi’s U-turn on marital rape -Ragini Bhuyan&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

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                <strong>A fact check on Maneka Gandhi’s U-turn on marital rape -Ragini Bhuyan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br /></em><br />Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br /><br />The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br /><br />Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br /><br />That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br /><br />About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br /><br />Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br /><br />The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br /><br />Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br /><br />&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br /><br />Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br /><br />Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br /><br />While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &amp;ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&amp;rdquo; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The minister&amp;rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &amp;rdquo;progressive&amp;rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veena Gowda, a woman&amp;rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&amp;rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&amp;rdquo; she said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gandhi&amp;rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &amp;lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&amp;rsquo;, examined this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>A fact check on Maneka Gandhi’s U-turn on marital rape -Ragini Bhuyan</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br /></em><br />Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br /><br />The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br /><br />Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br /><br />That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br /><br />About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br /><br />Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br /><br />The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br /><br />Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br /><br />&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br /><br />Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br /><br />Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br /><br />While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br />
</em><br />
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br />
<br />
The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br />
<br />
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br />
<br />
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br />
<br />
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br />
<br />
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br />
<br />
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br />
<br />
Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br />
<br />
Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br />
<br />
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br />
<br />
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br />
</em><br />
Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br />
<br />
The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br />
<br />
Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br />
<br />
That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br />
<br />
About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br />
<br />
Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br />
<br />
The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br />
<br />
Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br />
<br />
Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br />
<br />
Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br />
<br />
While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence 

Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence <br /></em><br />Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as &ldquo;level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament&rdquo; and so on.<br /><br />The minister&rsquo;s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi).<br /><br />Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. <br /><br />That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands.<br /><br />About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence.<br /><br />Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more &rdquo;progressive&rdquo; states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy.<br /><br />The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa.<br /><br />Veena Gowda, a woman&rsquo;s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape.<br /><br />&ldquo;Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it&rsquo;s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,&rdquo; she said.<br /><br />Gandhi&rsquo;s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape.<br /><br />Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled &lsquo;Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India&rsquo;, examined this issue.<br /><br />While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/7VAV8o6RJngC405xTvSfNN/A-fact-check-on-Maneka-Gandhis-Uturn-on-marital-rape.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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A fact check on Maneka Gandhi’s U-turn on marital rape -Ragini Bhuyan

-Livemint.com The latest round of NFHS-4 shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence Mumbai: A week ago, minister for women and child development Maneka Gandhi said that India cannot have a law to criminalise marital rape, citing various factors such as “level of education/illiteracy, poverty, myriad social customs and values, religious beliefs, mindset of the society to treat the marriage as a sacrament” and so on. The minister’s stand is contrary to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the J.S. Verma Committee (formed after the December 2012 gangrape in Delhi). Data shows that spousal violence is common in India. The latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) shows than even in wealthy states such as Tamil Nadu, about four out of every 10 married women experienced some form of spousal violence. That married women have been facing domestic violence has been known for quite some time. NFHS-3 has data on marital rape as well. It shows that about one out of 10 married Indian women in the age group 15-49 years have been physically forced to have sex by their husbands. About 27% have not faced sexual violence, but have faced physical violence. More than half of married women in 15-49 age-group reported injuries due to physical and sexual violence. Data from Tamil Nadu, considered to be one of the more ”progressive” states in India, highlights, marital rape and domestic violence have minimal links with factors such as poverty and literacy. The World Bank data shows that the 70 countries that have laws explicitly criminalizing marital rapes span a spectrum of income and literacy. Of the 70, 22 are in Europe, 22 in Latin America and North America, 15 are in Asia and Australasia and 11 in Africa. Veena Gowda, a woman’s rights lawyer, argues that poverty or illiteracy cannot be used as excuses for rape. “Is Gandhi saying that rich people do not commit marital rape? Moreover, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognizes sexual assault by a husband as an offence. So it’s not a question of creating a new offence of marital rape, but merely removing the exception to marital rape that exists within Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code,” she said. Gandhi’s statement in Parliament also comes as a surprise given that she has in the past been vocal about criminalizing marital rape. Even existing data suffers from under-reporting. A research paper by Ashish Gupta of the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics, titled ‘Reporting and Incidence of Violence Against Women in India’, examined this issue. While NFHS-3 recorded 6,590 incidents (per 100,000 women in the age group 15-49 years) of sexual violence by husbands, NCRB recorded only 37.2 such instances per 100,000 women over a 12-month period. Thus, the reportage of spousal sexual violence as a percentage of total such incidents only amounts to 0.6%. Please click here to read more.