Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98
Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
if (Configure::read('debug')) {
trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);
} else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 200,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">>
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/>
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/>
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
},
'articleid' => (int) 26465,
'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'metaKeywords' => 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity',
'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...',
'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>',
'lang' => 'English',
'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
'site_title' => 'im4change',
'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
'*' => true,
'id' => false
],
'[dirty]' => [],
'[original]' => [],
'[virtual]' => [],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [],
'[invalid]' => [],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
}
$articleid = (int) 26465
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das'
$metaKeywords = 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503.html"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
media="all"/>
<title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das | Im4change.org</title>
<meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently..."/>
<script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
$("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
.attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
.load(function () {
pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not
pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
});
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
@media screen {
div.divFooter {
display: block;
}
}
@media print {
.printbutton {
display: none !important;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
<tr>
<td class="top_bg">
<div class="divFooter">
<img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="topspace"> </td>
</tr>
<tr id="topspace">
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
<strong>Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das</strong></h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify"> </p> </font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
</table></body>
</html>'
}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 200,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">>
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/>
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/>
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
},
'articleid' => (int) 26465,
'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'metaKeywords' => 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity',
'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...',
'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>',
'lang' => 'English',
'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
'site_title' => 'im4change',
'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
'*' => true,
'id' => false
],
'[dirty]' => [],
'[original]' => [],
'[virtual]' => [],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [],
'[invalid]' => [],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
}
$articleid = (int) 26465
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das'
$metaKeywords = 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503.html"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
media="all"/>
<title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das | Im4change.org</title>
<meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently..."/>
<script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
$("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
.attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
.load(function () {
pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not
pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
});
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
@media screen {
div.divFooter {
display: block;
}
}
@media print {
.printbutton {
display: none !important;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
<tr>
<td class="top_bg">
<div class="divFooter">
<img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="topspace"> </td>
</tr>
<tr id="topspace">
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
<strong>Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das</strong></h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify"> </p> </font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
</table></body>
</html>'
}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 200,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">>
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <link rel="canonical" href="<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>/<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php </span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>.html"/>
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"> </span><span style="color: #007700"><</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type" </span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/>
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67fe3bb55413a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
},
'articleid' => (int) 26465,
'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'metaKeywords' => 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity',
'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...',
'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>',
'lang' => 'English',
'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
'site_title' => 'im4change',
'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
&nbsp;
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
'*' => true,
'id' => false
],
'[dirty]' => [],
'[original]' => [],
'[virtual]' => [],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [],
'[invalid]' => [],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
}
$articleid = (int) 26465
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das'
$metaKeywords = 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503.html"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
media="all"/>
<title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das | Im4change.org</title>
<meta name="description" content="
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently..."/>
<script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
$("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
.attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
.load(function () {
pic_real_width = this.width; // Note: $(this).width() will not
pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
});
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
@media screen {
div.divFooter {
display: block;
}
}
@media print {
.printbutton {
display: none !important;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
<tr>
<td class="top_bg">
<div class="divFooter">
<img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="topspace"> </td>
</tr>
<tr id="topspace">
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
<strong>Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das</strong></h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify"> </p> </font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
<form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
</td>
</tr>
</table></body>
</html>'
}
$cookies = []
$values = [
(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39
Notice (8): Undefined variable: urlPrefix [APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8]
$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
},
'articleid' => (int) 26465,
'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'metaKeywords' => 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity',
'metaDesc' => '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...',
'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify"> </p>',
'lang' => 'English',
'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
'site_title' => 'im4change',
'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {
'id' => (int) 26465,
'title' => 'Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das',
'subheading' => '',
'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Down to Earth
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
</p>
<p align="justify">
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
</p>
<p align="justify">
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
</p>',
'credit_writer' => 'Down to Earth, 11 November, 2014, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-climate-change',
'article_img' => '',
'article_img_thumb' => '',
'status' => (int) 1,
'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
'lang' => 'EN',
'category_id' => (int) 16,
'tag_keyword' => '',
'seo_url' => 'air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503',
'meta_title' => null,
'meta_keywords' => null,
'meta_description' => null,
'noindex' => (int) 0,
'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'most_visit_section_id' => null,
'article_big_img' => null,
'liveid' => (int) 4674503,
'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
'edate' => '',
'tags' => [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
],
'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
'*' => true,
'id' => false
],
'[dirty]' => [],
'[original]' => [],
'[virtual]' => [],
'[hasErrors]' => false,
'[errors]' => [],
'[invalid]' => [],
'[repository]' => 'Articles'
}
$articleid = (int) 26465
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das'
$metaKeywords = 'Yield,Agriculture,farming,Pollution,Air Pollution,Productivity'
$metaDesc = '
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Down to Earth</div><p align="justify"><em>Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield</em></p><p align="justify">The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.</p><p align="justify">This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.</p><p align="justify">Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.</p><p align="justify">India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.</p><p align="justify">The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.</p><p align="justify"> </p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'
include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
latest-news-updates/air-pollution-damages-crops-more-than-climate-change-snigdha-das-4674503.html"/>
LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das | Im4change.org
Air pollution damages crops more than climate change -Snigdha Das
-Down to Earth
Study finds that black carbon and ozone pollution in India has significantly cut wheat and rice yield
The levels of smog and air pollution in India have become so severe that crop yields are taking a hit. Scientists recently analysed yields for wheat and rice alongside pollution data, and concluded that the crop yields have significantly reduced. They have attributed the decrease in yield to two air pollutants-black carbon and tropospheric (ground level) ozone.
This is of concern for Indian farmers who are struggling to save their crops from recurrent floods and droughts, triggered by climate change. While climate change is caused by long-lived greenhouses gases, black carbon and tropospheric ozone are short-lived climate pollutants that exist locally in the atmosphere for weeks to months. Black carbon, mostly caused by rural cookstoves, affects the plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive. Ozone, which forms as a result of motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents reacting in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, is toxic to plants.
Scientists from the School of International Relations and the Pacific Studies and Scripps Institution of Oceanography of University of California in San Diego, combined the effects of climate change and direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. Their statistical model suggests that the average yields of wheat in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower than they otherwise would have been, while rice production decreased by up to 20 per cent, notes the study, published in the latest issue of journal PNAS . Some densely populated states experienced 50 per cent loss of wheat yield.
India's breadbasket, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for instance, is subject to a dramatic annual buildup of these (and other) pollutants before the monsoon each year. The most intensively farmed areas in the region area also areas with high average aerosol optical depth and large surface ozone concentrations, say the scientists.
The scientists point out that because black carbon and ozone are short-lived pollutants, they present a clear opportunity for counter expected future yield losses resulting from climate change.
