Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 33500
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-VillageSquare.in<br /><br /><em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br /></em><br />Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br /><br />Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br /><br /><em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br /></em><br />The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/" title="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 33500
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-VillageSquare.in<br /><br /><em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br /></em><br />Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br /><br />Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br /><br /><em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br /></em><br />The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/" title="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f00d520f7a4-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 33500,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4681594,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 33500
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-VillageSquare.in&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &amp;mdash; and its officers &amp;mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Farming&amp;rsquo;s share in economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot; title=&quot;http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-VillageSquare.in<br /><br /><em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br /></em><br />Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br /><br />Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br /><br /><em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br /></em><br />The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/" title="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 33500,
		'title' => 'Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-VillageSquare.in<br />
<br />
<em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br />
</em><br />
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br />
<br />
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br />
<br />
<em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br />
</em><br />
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4681594,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 33500,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis',
	'metaDesc' => '
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-VillageSquare.in<br /><br /><em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br /></em><br />Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br /><br />Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br /><br /><em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br /></em><br />The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/" title="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 33500,
	'title' => 'Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-VillageSquare.in<br />
<br />
<em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br />
</em><br />
Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br />
<br />
Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br />
<br />
<em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br />
</em><br />
The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'VillageSquare.in, 12 April, 2017, http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'are-farmers-collateral-damage-of-modern-economic-growth-sanjiv-phansalkar-4681594',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4681594,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 33500
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar'
$metaKeywords = 'Farmers,farming,Agriculture,rural distress,agrarian crisis'
$metaDesc = '
-VillageSquare.in

People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low

Till...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-VillageSquare.in<br /><br /><em>People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low<br /></em><br />Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well.<br /><br />Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations &mdash; and its officers &mdash; to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness.<br /><br /><em>Farming&rsquo;s share in economy<br /></em><br />The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/" title="http://www.villagesquare.in/2017/04/12/farmers-collateral-damage-modern-economic-growth/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Are farmers collateral damage of modern economic growth? -Sanjiv Phansalkar

-VillageSquare.in People living in villages, who are migrating in large numbers to urban spaces in search of livelihoods, could be victims of our economic development or perhaps the dismal income growth of farm households is semi-deliberate to keep labor costs low Till about 1990 since Independence, our country followed what may be broadly termed an import-substitution strategy for economic growth. This meant high import duties and rigid non-tariff barriers on imports and encouragement to domestic manufacture through a slew of policy measures. This was further buffered by a policy aimed avoiding concentration of economic power as well as at regional diversification of industry. While on one hand, this gave rise to a large number of very small capacity, unviable and inefficient industrial units, it also built an industrial base as also created much larger employment that was well unionized and paid well. Since the first wave of liberalization in the nineties, things have changed a great deal. The urban middle class has grown massively by then. Post-liberalization and with much reduced import duties, they became a high consuming class. It became almost irrelevant if industry grew by substituting imports for these demanding mass of consumers with money or by actual exports. They had to become equally efficient in either case. In fact, the face of the industry and the character of the dominant classes in it changed from those who specialized in merely managing government regulations — and its officers — to those who could survive global competition due to their inherent technical and production competitiveness. Farming’s share in economy The observable reality at the same time is this. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce is engaged in agriculture but produces barely a seventh of the gross domestic product (GDP). This puts the per capita contribution to GDP of the farm household to about a tenth of its urban counterpart. The disparities in living standards perhaps are less stark, though quite bad. Measured in terms of monthly per capita expenditure, a rural household in Bihar spends at best 30% of what an urban household in Maharashtra does. Please click here to read more.