Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &amp;lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&amp;rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &amp;lsquo;conditionalities&amp;rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Shift from 1971 to 2011&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &amp;lsquo;population criterion&amp;rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&amp;rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &amp;lsquo;scaling&amp;rsquo; factor &amp;mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &amp;lsquo;income distance&amp;rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for...&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for..."/>
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                <strong>Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan &amp; DK Srivastava</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br /></em><br />In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br /><br /><em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br /></em><br />The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br /><br />Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &amp;lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&amp;rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &amp;lsquo;conditionalities&amp;rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Shift from 1971 to 2011&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &amp;lsquo;population criterion&amp;rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&amp;rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &amp;lsquo;scaling&amp;rsquo; factor &amp;mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &amp;lsquo;income distance&amp;rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for..."/>
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                <strong>Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan &amp; DK Srivastava</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br /></em><br />In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br /><br /><em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br /></em><br />The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br /><br />Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &amp;lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&amp;rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &amp;lsquo;conditionalities&amp;rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Shift from 1971 to 2011&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &amp;lsquo;population criterion&amp;rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&amp;rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &amp;lsquo;scaling&amp;rsquo; factor &amp;mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &amp;lsquo;income distance&amp;rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&amp;rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for...&#039;
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The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for..."/>
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                <strong>Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan &amp; DK Srivastava</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br /></em><br />In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br /><br /><em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br /></em><br />The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br /><br />Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br />
</em><br />
In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br />
<br />
<em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br />
</em><br />
The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br />
<br />
Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for...',
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br />
</em><br />
In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br />
<br />
<em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br />
</em><br />
The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br />
<br />
Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible

In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that&rsquo;s feasible<br /></em><br />In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) &lsquo;whether revenue deficit grants&rsquo; be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to &lsquo;conditionalities&rsquo; on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators.<br /><br /><em>Shift from 1971 to 2011<br /></em><br />The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called &lsquo;population criterion&rsquo; if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC&rsquo;s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a &lsquo;scaling&rsquo; factor &mdash; that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the &lsquo;income distance&rsquo; criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible.<br /><br />Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/balancing-conflicting-claims/article23930522.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Balancing conflicting claims -C Rangarajan & DK Srivastava

-The Hindu The 15th Finance Commission has to take a call on the degree of equalisation that’s feasible In the context of the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the 15th Finance Commission (FFC), certain key aspects relate to (a) the mandate for using the 2011 population; (b) ‘whether revenue deficit grants’ be given at all; (c) the impact of the goods and services tax (GST) on the finances of the Centre and States; (d) the reference to ‘conditionalities’ on State borrowing; and (e) providing performance incentives in respect of some contentious indicators. Shift from 1971 to 2011 The southern States apprehend that they stand to lose under the so-called ‘population criterion’ if the 2011 population replaces the use of 1971 figures. State populations change not only because of their differential population growth but also due to migration. Using 1971 population data implies consciously using information that would be 50 years out of date by 2020-21, the first year of the FFC’s recommendation period. Population data used by the successive Finance Commissions in different criteria have served as a ‘scaling’ factor — that is, the larger the size of the population, the larger is the magnitude of fiscal transfer. In principle, fiscal transfer is determined in per capita terms and then scaled up to cater to the entire population living in the State. In deriving the per capita GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product), it is always calculated using current rather than dated population, as is done in the ‘income distance’ criterion. Scaling per capita transfer up only to an imaginary size of population such as the 1971 population for years beyond 1971 was always an artificial exercise. No other major federation uses such a practice. Major federations like Canada and Australia with well-established fiscal transfer principles use all relevant information that is up-to-date as much as possible. Losses or gains depend on the relative weights attached to different criteria, and changes in other information including per capital GSDP. There is a case under the present circumstances to have a relook and lower the weights attached particularly to the population and income-distance criteria. It is interesting to note that the weight attached to the population criterion has varied from 25% to 10% and that attached to the distance formula from 62.5% to 50% from the 10th to the 14th FCs. Please click here to read more.