Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest..."/>
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                <strong>Breaking down India&#039;s non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers<br /></em><br />Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&rsquo;s general elections. India&rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.<br /><br />This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.<br /><br />According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.<br /><br />Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.<br /><br />This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.<br /><br />To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.<br /><br />This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.<br /><br />While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.<br /><br />There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest..."/>
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                <strong>Breaking down India&#039;s non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers<br /></em><br />Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&rsquo;s general elections. India&rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.<br /><br />This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.<br /><br />According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.<br /><br />Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.<br /><br />This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.<br /><br />To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.<br /><br />This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.<br /><br />While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.<br /><br />There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&amp;rsquo;s general elections. India&amp;rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&amp;rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&amp;rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest..."/>
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                <strong>Breaking down India&#039;s non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers<br /></em><br />Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&rsquo;s general elections. India&rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.<br /><br />This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.<br /><br />According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.<br /><br />Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.<br /><br />This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.<br /><br />To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.<br /><br />This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.<br /><br />While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.<br /><br />There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Breaking down India's non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore',
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers<br />
</em><br />
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&rsquo;s general elections. India&rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.<br />
<br />
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.<br />
<br />
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.<br />
<br />
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.<br />
<br />
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.<br />
<br />
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.<br />
<br />
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.<br />
<br />
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.<br />
<br />
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...',
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	'title' => 'Breaking down India&#039;s non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore',
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers<br />
</em><br />
Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year&rsquo;s general elections. India&rsquo;s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail.<br />
<br />
This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workforce.<br />
<br />
According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women.<br />
<br />
Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers.<br />
<br />
This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season.<br />
<br />
To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India&rsquo;s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment.<br />
<br />
This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data.<br />
<br />
While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics.<br />
<br />
There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/breaking-down-india-s-non-agricultural-workforce/story-jJemHPm0kWU72b8HjcU9LN.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-Hindustan Times

According to the 2011 census, 45% of India&rsquo;s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers

Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest...'
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Breaking down India's non-agricultural workforce -Roshan Kishore

-Hindustan Times According to the 2011 census, 45% of India’s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers Employment generation (or the lack of it) will probably be the biggest issue in next year’s general elections. India’s employment challenge is broadly perceived as one of moving agricultural workers to remunerative jobs in the non-farm sector, and rightly so. With a declining share in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a relatively stagnant share in employment, farming incomes have been under squeeze. Unlike farming, the non-agricultural sector is much more heterogeneous. It comprises the extremely skilled computer programmer as well as the construction labourer who has migrated to escape absolute penury in farming. Who are India’s non-agricultural workers? Recently released statistics from the 2011 census allow us to answer this question in a lot of detail. This two-part data series will use these statistics to provide a snapshot of India’s non-agricultural workforce. According to the 2011 census, 45% of India’s total workers are employed in the non-agricultural sector. This number excludes those who work as either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The share of non-agricultural workers among men is 50%, which is 15 percentage points more than that among women. Unless otherwise stated, all calculations used in this series will be based on the number of both main and marginal workers. Census of India defines a main worker as one who is employed for a majority (six months or more) of the preceding year. A marginal worker is one who has been employed for less than six months either out of choice, or paucity of work. The share of non-agricultural workers is 50% among main workers, which is 18 percentage points higher than the figure among marginal workers. This is to be expected, as many workers who do not have regular employment might find some work during the peak agricultural season. To be sure, there is an element of ambiguity about the 2011 census statistics on India’s non-agricultural workers. This is because of a divergence in the basic trend in growth of the non-agricultural workforce between the 2001 and 2011 Census and 1999-00 to 2011-12 National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) survey on employment and unemployment. This was first pointed out in a 2016 paper published in the Review of Agrarian Studies by Jayan Jose Thomas and MP Jayesh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Their basic findings were summarised in a 2016 Mint piece by Pramit Bhattacharya. While the total number of people employed in agriculture decreased by 15.5 million between 1999-00 and 2011-12 according to NSSO data, it actually went up by 28.9 million between 2001 and 2011 according to Census data. While we will come back to this issue in the second part of this series, our analysis will focus exclusively on Census statistics. There are significant state-wise variations in the share of non-agricultural workers in India. The share of non-agricultural workers is around one-fourth in states such as Bihar and Chhattisgarh, while it is almost two-third in a state such as Punjab. The divergence in share of non-agricultural workers seems to have a strong relation with the well-being levels across states. Please click here to read more.