Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 28 August, 2011, http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2405228.ece&#039;,
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected..."/>
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                <strong>Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify"><em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br /></em><br />Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br /><br /><em>Only solution<br /></em><br />With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br /><br />&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br /><br />&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br /><br />&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br /><br />The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br /><br />A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br /><br />&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br /><br />Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br /><br />The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma&#039;,
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 9685,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 28 August, 2011, http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2405228.ece&#039;,
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

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                <strong>Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify"><em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br /></em><br />Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br /><br /><em>Only solution<br /></em><br />With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br /><br />&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br /><br />&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br /><br />&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br /><br />The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br /><br />A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br /><br />&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br /><br />Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br /><br />The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &amp;lsquo;purchased brides&#039; are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only solution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &amp;lsquo;importing a bride&#039; has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family&#039;s social and economic position has improved,&amp;rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&amp;rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl&#039;s family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&amp;rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &amp;lsquo;blessing.&#039; &amp;ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&amp;rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &amp;lsquo;sold for marriage&#039; women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&amp;rdquo; the study added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &amp;ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected..."/>
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                <strong>Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma</strong></h1>
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                <br /><div align="justify"><em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br /></em><br />Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br /><br /><em>Only solution<br /></em><br />With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br /><br />&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br /><br />&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br /><br />&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br /><br />The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br /><br />A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br /><br />&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br /><br />Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br /><br />The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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<div align="justify">
<em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br />
</em><br />
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br />
<br />
<em>Only solution<br />
</em><br />
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br />
<br />
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br />
<br />
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br />
<br />
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br />
<br />
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...',
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Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br /><br />&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br /><br />&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br /><br />&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br /><br />The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br /><br />A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br /><br />&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br /><br />Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br /><br />The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br /><br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma',
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<div align="justify">
<em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br />
</em><br />
Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br />
<br />
<em>Only solution<br />
</em><br />
With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br />
<br />
The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br />
<br />
A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br />
<br />
Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br />
<br />
The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
</div>',
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With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate

Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected...'
$disp = '<br /><div align="justify"><em>With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate<br /></em><br />Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most &lsquo;purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned.<br /><br /><em>Only solution<br /></em><br />With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and &lsquo;importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs.<br /><br />&ldquo;What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,&rdquo; said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village.<br /><br />&ldquo;There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,&rdquo; said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons.<br /><br />&ldquo;Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,&rdquo; said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue.<br /><br />The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a &lsquo;blessing.' &ldquo;My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,&rdquo; she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of.<br /><br />A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family.<br /><br />&ldquo;In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the &lsquo;sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,&rdquo; the study added.<br /><br />Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife.<br /><br />The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. &ldquo;They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.&rdquo;<br /><br /></div>'
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Brides purchased, then exploited in Haryana, Punjab by Vrinda Sharma

With skewed sex ratios it is difficult to find a local mate Decades of unchecked sex-selective abortions have made the once fertile States of Punjab and Haryana suffer a drought of brides, making human-trafficking a lucrative and expanding trade. Often projected as a voluntary marriage, every year, thousands of young women and girls are lured into the idea of a happy married life with a rich man in Punjab or Haryana. Sadly most ‘purchased brides' are exploited, denied basic rights, duplicated as maids, and eventually abandoned. Only solution With skewed sex ratios (Punjab-893, Haryana-877 females per 1,000 males) it is impossible to find a bride for each man, and ‘importing a bride' has become the only solution. Also, with the tradition of not marrying within the same village and eligible girls marrying the wealthiest suitor, often NRIs, the majority of men in villages are left unmarried and often addicted to drugs. “What is wrong in marrying a poor girl? I demanded no dowry, rather her family's social and economic position has improved,” said an agitated Prakash Singh of Harsola village in Kaithal (Haryana), when asked why he married a 19-year-old girl hailing from a poor village from Assam. Interestingly, Mr. Singh has three brothers and no sister; he does not believe that there is any dearth of women in his village. “There were no eligible girls in our village or social circle. After my son turned 35, we realised that unless we accept a non-Punjabi girl he would never be married and no one would carry the family name forward; so we had to make arrangements,” said Mahinder Singh, an elderly man in Pohlo Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab). The migration might seem to be a measure to correct the gender imbalance, but the ultimate goal is producing sons. “Marriage to an imported bride makes caste, language and culture immaterial as long as the price is paid to the girl's family and a male child is born. Depending on the age, looks and virginity of a girl, grooms pay anywhere from Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 300,000,” said Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a non-governmental organisation working on the issue. The obvious need gives the practice a social sanction and makes it look like a social service: Sushma Kaur of Pohlo Majra, who married a Sikh man 15 years elder to her, calls it a ‘blessing.' “My uncle arranged the match, it was difficult in the beginning because of the new language and the culture, but my husband took care of me...My village in Bengal has an excess of females and no one to care for them, and it is a great service if I can arrange a matrimonial match. Ever since I got married, 10 years ago, over a dozen girls have followed me from Bengal,” she says with pride. She added that none of the girls were ill-treated; however, it was not unheard of. A field study on the impact of sex ratio on the pattern of marriages in Haryana by Drishti Stree Adhyayan Prabodhan Kendra covering over 10,000 households, revealed that over 9,000 married women in Haryana were bought from other States. The study which covered 92 villages of Mahendragarh, Sirsa, Karnal, Sonepat, and Mewat districts said that most of the people accepted it as a common practice, but denied having bought a bride in their family. “In every village there are over 50 girls that have been bought; some of them as young as 13 and a very small percentage of the ‘sold for marriage' women are found to be living a married life. Most are untraceable or exploited or duplicated as domestic servants by the agents or men who marry/buy them. There are also instances of girls being resold to other persons after living a married life for a few years,” the study added. Most of them come from poverty-ridden villages of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, because their families need money; and despite the prevalence of the dowry system in the north Indian states, men are ready to pay for a wife. The pretext of marriage and the social sanction makes it difficult for police or NGOs to trace the trafficking or the atrocities, as women rarely speak of the domestic disturbances. According to Shakti Vahini, there are very few women who lead settled married lives, most go through unbearable torture and exploitation. “They are treated like commodities; they have no rights and no voice. We have rescued women who are raped and beaten and denied medical attention for years before they are dumped at a bus stand or railway station. They cannot defend themselves, they cannot even name the village they come from or the man who bought and later sold them. Women are not a supply-demand commodity; justifying trafficking by stating skewed sex ratio and poverty is only making things difficult for the women.”