Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the..."/>
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                <strong>Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. <br /></em><br />Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.<br /><br />Behind Modi&rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.<br /><br />Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.<br /><br />Researchers found similar results in a study of &ldquo;computers for education&rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.<br /><br />Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.<br /><br />Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.<br /><br />New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.<br /><em><br />The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.</em></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. 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Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the..."/>
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                <strong>Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. <br /></em><br />Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.<br /><br />Behind Modi&rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.<br /><br />Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.<br /><br />Researchers found similar results in a study of &ldquo;computers for education&rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.<br /><br />Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.<br /><br />Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.<br /><br />New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.<br /><em><br />The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.</em></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &amp;ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&amp;rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Behind Modi&amp;rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&amp;rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&amp;rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers found similar results in a study of &amp;ldquo;computers for education&amp;rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&amp;rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&amp;rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&amp;rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&amp;rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&amp;rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&amp;rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the..."/>
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                <strong>Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. <br /></em><br />Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.<br /><br />Behind Modi&rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.<br /><br />Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.<br /><br />Researchers found similar results in a study of &ldquo;computers for education&rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.<br /><br />Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.<br /><br />Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.<br /><br />New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.<br /><em><br />The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.</em></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. <br />
</em><br />
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.<br />
<br />
Behind Modi&rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.<br />
<br />
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.<br />
<br />
Researchers found similar results in a study of &ldquo;computers for education&rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.<br />
<br />
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.<br />
<br />
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.<br />
<em><br />
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.</em>
</div>',
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the...',
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	'title' => 'Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. <br />
</em><br />
Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools.<br />
<br />
Behind Modi&rsquo;s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India&rsquo;s education system. Digital India, Modi&rsquo;s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results.<br />
<br />
Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed.<br />
<br />
Researchers found similar results in a study of &ldquo;computers for education&rdquo;, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don&rsquo;t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child&rsquo;s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children&rsquo;s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students&rsquo; ability to learn at their own pace.<br />
<br />
Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students&rsquo; math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students&rsquo; math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing.<br />
<br />
New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete.<br />
<em><br />
The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.</em>
</div>',
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-The Indian Express

Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. 

Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that &ldquo;information technology has removed all barriers to quality education&rdquo;. With the...'
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Can Digital Educate India? -Maya Escueta

-The Indian Express Note to policymakers: Access to technology by itself does not ensure learning. Speaking at the Saarc Summit in Nepal last November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that “information technology has removed all barriers to quality education”. With the launch of Digital India, state governments and education practitioners have become increasingly interested in the potential of technology to address low learning levels in primary schools. Behind Modi’s assertion is a theory that technology can solve fundamental problems with India’s education system. Digital India, Modi’s Rs 1 lakh crore scheme, seeks to provide free broadband wifi in all schools. But before promoting technology as the next big solution, decision-makers should consider how existing research can inform these investments. A handful of high-quality randomised impact evaluations have provided insights into the potential of technology to improve learning. So far, these evaluations have shown mixed results. Studies have shown that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning. For example, the one laptop per child scheme, adopted by many national governments, was scaled before being rigorously evaluated. A subsequent evaluation of the scheme in Peru found surprising results: Although children accessed and used the computers, the programme had no effect on math or language outcomes. While children became adept at using laptops, usage did not translate into improvements in literacy or numeracy. If raising learning levels is the ultimate aim (rather than merely access and usage), then more thought on programme design is needed. Researchers found similar results in a study of “computers for education”, a programme run by the Colombian government that installed refurbished computers in schools and trained teachers to use them. Usage only increased fractionally, and the programme had no effect on language or math test scores. This is consistent with broader evidence across sectors suggesting that improving access alone, through computers, textbooks (or even toilets for sanitation), is not always sufficient in driving behaviour change. Similarly, free laptop distribution has been tried in several Indian states over the last four years with little rigorous research on its impact and massive implications for taxpayers. We don’t know if these inputs translated into learning, but based on the global evidence and the way these programmes were designed and implemented, there is reason to be sceptical. Nevertheless, technology has the potential to improve learning outcomes when well integrated into the learning process. Randomised evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab have shown large effects on basic literacy and numeracy from carefully designed ICT interventions. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat, developed by Pratham, showed large improvements in student math scores. Students received two hours of instruction per week, during and after school, supported by a volunteer. Computer games not only provided access to technology but also shifted the child’s learning experience by acting as supplementary instruction targeted to the ability level of the child. These findings are part of a suite of studies that show targeting instruction to children’s learning levels is more effective at improving learning outcomes than following a rigid curriculum. In this case, rather than technology being a solution in and of itself, it facilitated students’ ability to learn at their own pace. Additional studies reinforce the importance of programme design. An evaluation of a computer-assisted math programme showed drastically different results when implemented in two different ways. A supplementary after-school programme for one hour a day increased students’ math scores significantly. However, an in-school pull out programme that replaced the normal curriculum for one hour a day, within a relatively well-functioning network of NGO schools, actually lowered students’ math scores. Decision-makers must not only consider if the programme works, but also what it is replacing. New education technologies have the potential to facilitate self-paced learning in more sophisticated ways. More rigorous research is needed to better understand how technology can best be utilised, both in and out of schools. Rather than evaluating specific hardware or software products, we should focus on evaluating models of technological enhancement that will remain relevant even after specific technologies become obsolete. The writer is education policy lead, JPAL South Asia.