Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr680d9fb8997a4-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since..."/>
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                <strong>Corruption perception on the wane: Study by Abantika Ghosh</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br /><br />Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br /><br />Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br /><br />The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br /><br />The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br /><br />Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br /><br />The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br /><br />In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br /><br />The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br /><br />Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br /><br />For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br /></div>               </font>
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). &lt;br /&gt;
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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                <strong>Corruption perception on the wane: Study by Abantika Ghosh</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br /><br />Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br /><br />Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br /><br />The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br /><br />The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br /><br />Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br /><br />The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br /><br />In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br /><br />The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br /><br />Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br /><br />For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br /></div>               </font>
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). &lt;br /&gt;
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rural population across 12 states &amp;mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &amp;mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &amp;mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &amp;quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&amp;quot; the study said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). &lt;br /&gt;
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since...&#039;
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                <strong>Corruption perception on the wane: Study by Abantika Ghosh</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br /><br />Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br /><br />Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br /><br />The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br /><br />The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br /><br />Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br /><br />The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br /><br />In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br /><br />The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br /><br />Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br /><br />For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br /></div>               </font>
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br />
<br />
Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br />
<br />
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br />
<br />
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br />
<br />
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br />
<br />
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br />
<br />
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br />
<br />
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br />
<br />
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br />
<br />
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br />
<br />
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br />
<br />
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br />
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br />
<br />
Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br />
<br />
Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br />
<br />
The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br />
<br />
The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br />
<br />
Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br />
<br />
Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br />
<br />
The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br />
<br />
In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br />
<br />
The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br />
<br />
Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br />
<br />
For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br />
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The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey.<br /><br />Rural population across 12 states &mdash; three of them Congress-ruled &mdash; was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit.<br /><br />Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered.<br /><br />The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services &mdash; public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). &quot;On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services,&quot; the study said.<br /><br />The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%).<br /><br />Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey.<br /><br />Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services.<br /><br />The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society.<br /><br />In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively.<br /><br />The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits.<br /><br />Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800.<br /><br />For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%). <br /></div>'
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Corruption perception on the wane: Study by Abantika Ghosh

The government may be facing an unprecedented barrage of corruption charges and an embarrassing Lokpal bill stir, but India Corruption Study, 2010, reveals that there is a marked decline in the percentage of people who feel graft has increased since 2005. Centre for Media Studies has conducted the survey. Rural population across 12 states — three of them Congress-ruled — was surveyed. The foreword has been written by NAC member Aruna Roy and Lok Satta president Jayaprakash Narayan, who has been pushing for the exclusion of judiciary from Lokpal ambit. Compared to the survey results of 2005, overall percentage of rural households that paid bribe had halved 28% against 56%, but in states like Chhattisgarh (55%), Bihar (52%), Kerala (46%) and Maharashtra (40%) the proportion still remained fairly high. The study claimed that in the last one year, Rs 4,718 million had been paid by rural households in the surveyed states to access the services covered. The survey was carried out in 9,960 households in 664 gram panchayats across 2,000 villages. They were asked about their perception of overall corruption and also in four services — public distribution system (PDS), school education, hospitals and water supply. It was found that 11.5% respondents had paid a bribe for PDS, hospitals (9%), schools (5.8%) and water supply (4.3%). "On an average in a year, a rural household paid around Rs 164 as bribe to avail of the four public services," the study said. The states where the perception of corruption, according to the study, remains high are Chhattisgarh (66%), Bihar (66%), Kerala (59%), Rajasthan (54%) and Uttar Pradesh (49%). Left-ruled Tripura had only 19% respondents sharing this impression. While in West Bengal only 33% felt instances of graft were on the rise. Overall, only 45% respondents felt corruption has increased against 70% in the earlier edition of the survey. Significantly, more than 40% of rural households, belonging to OBC and SC categories, felt that the level of corruption has increased in public services. The study points to a disturbing trend that while there has been a 10% reduction in the number of rural households, who access PDS supplies though as per government figures the off take of PDS food grains is 90%. It asks a crucial question whether leakage and diversion of PDS food grain to the open market continues despite strictures from the Supreme Court, CAG and several interventions by the media and civil society. In PDS, too, Bihar and Chhattisgarh lead the pack with 62.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The common reasons for which bribes were paid include getting a new ration card and monthly supplies along with addition/deletion of name to avail of PDS benefits. Bihar (52%) followed closely by Andhra Pradesh (51%) emerged as the most corrupt in perception for school services. The bribe paid for schools services ranged between Rs 10 and Rs 800. For water supply, Himachal Pradesh (52.6%) emerged as the most corrupt, followed by Andhra Pradesh (50.6%). While for hospital services, Bihar (62.4%) was again the most corrupt, followed by Kerala (61.8%).