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Dams reduce sediment load in rivers leading to higher coastal erosion -SANDRP

-South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP)

A new study this week has reminded us what has been known for long. Dams not only store water but also trap the sediment flowing in the river. Whatever smaller quantity of water flow from dams to downstream areas, has much lower or no silt. A lot of that silt was supposed to reach the coast, helping fight against the erosion of the coast due to sea tides and waves. With drastically lower sediment reaching the coasts, higher coastal erosion is the result. While climate change is definitely contributing to the increased coast erosion due to more frequent and higher intensity storms from the sea, the role of dams tend to work as force multiplier in increasing the coastal erosion due to less sediment reaching the coasts from river.

While a new study by a Pune University has highlighted this phenomena in case of Godavari river, peninsular India’s biggest river, this is also happening at most other rivers and where they meet the coasts. As in case of Farakka, closer the terminal dam is to the coast, greater is its effectiveness to trap the river sediment and higher is its contribution likely to be to the increase in coastal erosion.

Unfortunately our Central Water Commission, Water Resources Ministry at Centre and states, environmental expert bodies like the expert appraisal committee, the environmental experts, environmental regulators like the environment ministries at the center and states, the environmental judicial bodies etc., are yet to wake up to this reality and take it into consideration while taking decisions about dams and their decommissioning.

Study Godavari dams reduce sediment load, study warns of spike in coastal erosion Godavari, the most important river in peninsular India, has seen a dramatic decline in its sediment load over the past five decades, aggravating coastal erosion along the Bay of Bengal where it empties, a Savitribai Phule Pune University study published in the international journal Science of the Total Environment shows. A river carries sediment load in a dissolved form, in suspension or as bed load. In the case of Godavari river, this load dropped at an average annual rate of 2 million tonnes per year reducing the sediment transport to the Bay of Bengal, thus causing extensive delta erosion by sea waves.

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