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Data Gaps: Undercounting Disability In India -Abhishek Anicca

-IndiaSpend.com

Indian surveys undercount persons with disability because of the way they define those with disabilities and frame questions, leading to misleading estimates being used to frame welfare policies and programmes.

Patna: If data from the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS) are considered, India's population of people with a disability has reduced to 1% between 2019 and 2021, from the 2.2% (26.8 million) estimated by the Indian census in 2011, and also from the 2.2% estimated by the National Sample Survey Report in 2018.

The difference between the estimates can be traced to the different approaches of the surveys. The NFHS 5 focuses on the 'de jure' definition of disability, focusing on counting only people with benchmark disabilities under five broad categories. In contrast, Census 2011 had a broader definition of disability focusing on self identification, while the 76th round of NSS (2018), which was about counting those with disabilities, covered all disabilities under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 including rare disabilities.

Globally, 15% of the world's population has a disability, as per the 2011 World Report on Disability from the World Health Organization.

Overall, there is no accurate estimate of India's population of disabled persons because all surveys only capture a part of the population, experts say. Given the lack of reliable estimates, other methods that are not designed as such, but could be used as proxies to count the disabled, include disability certificates or the newly introduced Unique Disability ID. But these only cover a small part of the population, data show and experts say.

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