Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized..."/>
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                <strong>Demonetisation has hit employment hard -Ajit Karnik</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br /></em><br />It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br /><br />At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br /><br />Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br /><br /><em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br /></em><br />It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br /><br />The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br /><br />It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br /><br />For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /><br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Demonetisation has hit employment hard -Ajit Karnik&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized..."/>
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                <strong>Demonetisation has hit employment hard -Ajit Karnik</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br /></em><br />It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br /><br />At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br /><br />Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br /><br /><em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br /></em><br />It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br /><br />The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br /><br />It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br /><br />For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /><br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr681933af1de1f-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr681933af1de1f-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr681933af1de1f-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &amp;ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&amp;rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &amp;ldquo;demographics&amp;rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &amp;ldquo;bad omen&amp;rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized..."/>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br /></em><br />It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br /><br />At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br /><br />Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br /><br /><em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br /></em><br />It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br /><br />The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br /><br />It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br /><br />For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /><br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br />
</em><br />
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br />
<br />
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br />
<br />
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br />
<br />
<em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br />
</em><br />
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br />
<br />
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br />
<br />
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br />
<br />
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
<br />
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br /></em><br />It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br /><br />At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br /><br />Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br /><br /><em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br /></em><br />It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br /><br />The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br /><br />It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br /><br />For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /><br /></div>',
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br />
</em><br />
It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br />
<br />
At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br />
<br />
Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br />
<br />
<em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br />
</em><br />
It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br />
<br />
The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br />
<br />
It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br />
<br />
For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
<br />
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-Livemint.com

The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy

It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy<br /></em><br />It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system.<br /><br />At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks.<br /><br />Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: &ldquo;We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit&rdquo;. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it.<br /><br /><em>EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION<br /></em><br />It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR.<br /><br />The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE).<br /><br />It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy.<br /><br />For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The &ldquo;demographics&rdquo; view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The &ldquo;bad omen&rdquo; view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy <br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/GWagxJq3AzHyM0w8RnUC0O/Demonetisation-has-hit-employment-hard.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /><br /></div>'
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Demonetisation has hit employment hard -Ajit Karnik

-Livemint.com The recent decline in the labour force participation rate should be a matter of deep concern for the Indian economy It has been a year since Prime Minister Narendra Modi surprised the country with the demonetisation announcement. Numerous commentators had criticized the move at the time for a variety of reasons, the most prominent among these being: (a) demonetisation was the wrong instrument for the intended objective of eliminating black money from the Indian economy; (b) the economy would suffer a severe adverse shock as a result of the draining of 86% of the currency from the system. At that time, much of the criticism was on conceptual grounds, bearing in mind the importance of cash in the Indian economy. As time has passed since the withdrawal of currency from the economy, evaluation of the move is no more based on only a theoretical understanding of the economy; this is now being supplemented by hard data. Much of the recent analyses have validated the fears that had been expressed in the immediate aftermath of demonetisation. Quarter 1 (FY2017-18) growth rate has slumped while the Reserve Bank of India Annual Report (2016-17) states that, belying most expectations, all extinguished currency notes have been returned to the banks. Jagdish Bhagwati, Vivek Dehejia and Pravin Krishna have been at pains to point out that demonetisation had some beneficial effects on the Indian economy (goo.gl/Z619ud). Referring to the apparent boost to digital banking and digital transactions, they write: “We would note that while this was not the original intended goal of demonetisation, it may yet prove the most important long-lasting benefit”. Should such serendipitous benefits be employed to buttress support for a policy? Also, if unintended benefits are to be claimed as positives for demonetisation, then unintended costs (e.g. productive time lost in queues outside banks) should also be included on the negative side. As Shruti Rajgopalan and Lawrence White point out, Bhagwati et al do not carry out a cost-benefit analysis of demonetisation (goo.gl/LwqUE9). In fact, they carry out a simplistic benefit analysis of it. EMPLOYMENT AND DEMONETISATION It has been pointed out that demonetisation has resulted in the extinguishing of jobs, especially in the informal sector. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy has estimated that 1.5 million jobs were lost during the January-April period (goo.gl/kCQXBy). Alongside this loss of jobs, there has been a decline in the labour force participation rate (LPR). Figure 1 shows the trends in total (all India) unemployment rate (UR) and total LPR. The reported job losses are not reflected in the UR but the declining LPR shows that persons are dropping out of the labour force. However, the UR and the LPR have both been increasing over August-October. Declining LPR was a phenomenon that was witnessed in the US also during the recent recession: the dismal jobs situation led many to drop out of the labour force, i.e. they stopped searching for jobs (goo.gl/TThnCE). It has often been stated that India has a young population; approximately half the population is under the age of 26. It seems inconceivable that LPR can show a declining trend unless something dramatically unusual is happening in the Indian economy. For the US, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis, James Bullard, put forward two reasons for the declining LPR (goo.gl/yjvshx): (a) The “demographics” view, which states that the changes in the rate are a reflection of changes in the demographics of the labour force; (b) The “bad omen” view, which says that the declines in the LPR rate are due to people leaving the labour force because of the poor state of the economy Please click here to read more.