Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 14 December, 2014, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/developing-countries-object-climate-talks-flounder/99/&#039;,
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 14 December, 2014, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/developing-countries-object-climate-talks-flounder/99/&#039;,
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an..."/>
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                <strong>Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express</div><p align="justify"><em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.</p><p align="justify">The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.</p><p align="justify">These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.</p><p align="justify">In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.</p><p align="justify">But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.</p><p align="justify">The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.</p><p align="justify">As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.</p><p align="justify">Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.</p><p align="justify">Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.</p><p align="justify">They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.</p><p align="justify">Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.</p><p align="justify"><em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em></p><p align="justify">* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.</p><p align="justify">* Climate finance<br />Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.</p><p align="justify">* Assessment of INDCs<br />India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.</p><p align="justify">* CBDR<br />Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Loss and damages<br />Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha&#039;,
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		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 14 December, 2014, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/developing-countries-object-climate-talks-flounder/99/&#039;,
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Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26754,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 14 December, 2014, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/developing-countries-object-climate-talks-flounder/99/&#039;,
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;
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What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. 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Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an..."/>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express</div><p align="justify"><em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.</p><p align="justify">The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.</p><p align="justify">These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.</p><p align="justify">In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.</p><p align="justify">But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.</p><p align="justify">The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.</p><p align="justify">As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.</p><p align="justify">Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.</p><p align="justify">Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.</p><p align="justify">They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.</p><p align="justify">Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.</p><p align="justify"><em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em></p><p align="justify">* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.</p><p align="justify">* Climate finance<br />Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.</p><p align="justify">* Assessment of INDCs<br />India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.</p><p align="justify">* CBDR<br />Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Loss and damages<br />Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p>               </font>
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-The Indian Express
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
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The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
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In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
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As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
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Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
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They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
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Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
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&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
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* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
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* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
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* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
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* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Draft proposal: No mention.
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lima: &lt;/em&gt;The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &amp;quot;contribution&amp;quot; to the global fight against climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;These &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year&#039;s climate talks in Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Venezuela&#039;s representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Christian Aid&#039;s senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &amp;quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&amp;quot; he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &amp;lsquo;differentiation&#039; enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &amp;lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility&#039;, or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* &amp;lsquo;Contribution&#039; in INDCs&lt;br /&gt;Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &amp;quot;consider&amp;quot; including adaptation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Climate finance&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Only &amp;quot;urges&amp;quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Assessment of INDCs&lt;br /&gt;India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* CBDR&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Loss and damages&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;* Pre-2020 emission reduction&lt;br /&gt;Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.&lt;br /&gt;Draft proposal: No mention.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an..."/>
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                <strong>Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express</div><p align="justify"><em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.</p><p align="justify">The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.</p><p align="justify">These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.</p><p align="justify">In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.</p><p align="justify">But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.</p><p align="justify">The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.</p><p align="justify">As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.</p><p align="justify">Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.</p><p align="justify">Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.</p><p align="justify">They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.</p><p align="justify">Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.</p><p align="justify"><em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em></p><p align="justify">* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.</p><p align="justify">* Climate finance<br />Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.</p><p align="justify">* Assessment of INDCs<br />India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.</p><p align="justify">* CBDR<br />Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Loss and damages<br />Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p>               </font>
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-The Indian Express
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.
</p>
<p align="justify">
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
</p>
<p align="justify">
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
</p>
<p align="justify">
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
</p>
<p align="justify">
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Climate finance<br />
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />
Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Assessment of INDCs<br />
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* CBDR<br />
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Loss and damages<br />
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>',
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express</div><p align="justify"><em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.</p><p align="justify">The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.</p><p align="justify">These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.</p><p align="justify">In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.</p><p align="justify">But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.</p><p align="justify">The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.</p><p align="justify">As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.</p><p align="justify">Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.</p><p align="justify">Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.</p><p align="justify">They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.</p><p align="justify">Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.</p><p align="justify"><em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em></p><p align="justify">* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.</p><p align="justify">* Climate finance<br />Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.</p><p align="justify">* Assessment of INDCs<br />India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.</p><p align="justify">* CBDR<br />Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Loss and damages<br />Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p>',
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	'title' => 'Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha',
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-The Indian Express
</div>
<p align="justify">
<em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.
</p>
<p align="justify">
These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.
</p>
<p align="justify">
In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.
</p>
<p align="justify">
But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.
</p>
<p align="justify">
As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.
</p>
<p align="justify">
They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.
</p>
<p align="justify">
<em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em>
</p>
<p align="justify">
* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />
Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />
Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Climate finance<br />
Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />
Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Assessment of INDCs<br />
India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />
Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* CBDR<br />
Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Loss and damages<br />
Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>
<p align="justify">
* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />
Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />
Draft proposal: No mention.
</p>',
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-The Indian Express


Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express</div><p align="justify"><em>Lima: </em>The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work.</p><p align="justify">The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their &quot;contribution&quot; to the global fight against climate change.</p><p align="justify">These &quot;contributions&quot;, the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris.</p><p align="justify">In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020.</p><p align="justify">But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening,  countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement.</p><p align="justify">The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli.</p><p align="justify">As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning.</p><p align="justify">Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn.</p><p align="justify">Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. &quot;The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in.</p><p align="justify">They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them,&quot; he said.</p><p align="justify">Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of &lsquo;differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as &lsquo;Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups.</p><p align="justify"><em>Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well:</em></p><p align="justify">* &lsquo;Contribution' in INDCs<br />Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building.<br />Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may &quot;consider&quot; including adaptation.</p><p align="justify">* Climate finance<br />Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: Only &quot;urges&quot; developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory.</p><p align="justify">* Assessment of INDCs<br />India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours<br />Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment.</p><p align="justify">* CBDR<br />Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Loss and damages<br />Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p><p align="justify">* Pre-2020 emission reduction<br />Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020.<br />Draft proposal: No mention.</p>'
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Developing countries object, climate talks flounder -Amitabh Sinha

-The Indian Express Lima: The climate talks at Lima were on the brink of collapse on Saturday after two attempts to push through watered-down proposals were rejected by developing countries, forcing the head of negotiations to summon the delegates for an extra day of work. The two-week-long negotiations were supposed to have ended on Friday evening with a decision on the kind of climate actions that countries could take in order to claim them as their "contribution" to the global fight against climate change. These "contributions", the magnitude of which is to be determined by the country itself, and hence called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, or INDCs, are to become the backbone of a new international legal architecture on climate change, which is supposed to be finalised at next year's climate talks in Paris. In Lima, the countries were also to suggest other features of this international legal architecture, giving them a year to negotiate and come to an agreement during the Paris conference. The architecture, if agreed in Paris, would come into effect in 2020. But deep divisions in the positions of developed and developing countries blocked any progress on Friday, and by evening, countries had abandoned the formal processes to huddle in small informal groups and bilateral meetings in a desperate bid to forge an agreement. The talks went into extra time, till the early hours of Saturday morning. But a new draft decision text, introduced at 2.30 in the morning, widened the rift further and gave rise to much distrust as a number of countries accused the head of negotiations of attempting to push unacceptable proposals down their throats as fait accompli. As country after country got up to say that they had not been consulted in preparing the draft text and protested against the half an hour given to them to study it and make amendments, the head of negotiations was left with no option but to close the proceedings for the day and ask the delegates to reconvene on Saturday morning. Venezuela's representative said the way countries were being asked to approve the text, he was reminded of Copenhagen. At the 2009 climate conference in Copenhagen, an agreement was thrust on the countries at the last minute, leading to much heartburn. Christian Aid's senior climate change advisor, Mohamed Adow, blamed the co-chairs of the working group that proposed the draft for a shoddy job and non-transparent manner of working. "The co-chairs have only themselves to blame for the shambles we now find ourselves in. They have been ineffective and allowed governments to stall the progress. The latest text was left completely bare. By consulting with only the major powers like the US and China and ignoring African countries and other small developing nations, they have effectively redrawn the map of the world. What is offensive is that it is the countries that are suffering the most which have been sidelined from a process that should be helping them," he said. Among the deficiencies pointed out by developing countries in the draft text was the almost complete absence of any provision that would make developed countries commit funds to help poor and vulnerable nations deal with climate change. They also complained that the text almost erased the principle of ‘differentiation' enshrined in the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) under which the negotiations are happening. This principle, enshrined as ‘Common But Differentiated Responsibility', or CBDR, makes a hard distinction between developed and developing countries and acknowledges very different expectations on climate action from these two groups. Developing and developed countries differ on a number of other issues as well: * ‘Contribution' in INDCs Only mitigation actions, say developed countries. Developing countries want the full range - adaptation, technology transfer, finance, capacity building. Draft proposal: Mitigation must, may "consider" including adaptation. * Climate finance Developing countries want the developed world to provide money to poorer and vulnerable countries to adjust to climate change. Draft proposal: Only "urges" developed countries to provide money, does not make it obligatory. * Assessment of INDCs India, US and many others not in favour of any assessment, EU strongly favours Draft proposal: Weak provisions on assessment. * CBDR Developing countries strongly in favour of differentiation. Draft proposal: No mention. * Loss and damages Developing countries want support for loss and damages arising out of any event attributable to climate change. Draft proposal: No mention. * Pre-2020 emission reduction Developing countries want rich nations to enhance their emission reduction targets in the period before 2020. Draft proposal: No mention.