Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 26857
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify">How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.</p><p align="justify">The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.</p><p align="justify">The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.</p><p align="justify">Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.</p><p align="justify">After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.</p><p align="justify">Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.</p><p align="justify">Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. </p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 26857
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify">How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.</p><p align="justify">The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.</p><p align="justify">The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.</p><p align="justify">Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.</p><p align="justify">After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.</p><p align="justify">Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.</p><p align="justify">Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. </p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr6801e6d50c459-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 26857,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Times of India
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4674900,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 26857
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, &#039;World of Indian Girls-2014&#039;, authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India&#039;s child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Research on India&#039;s disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India&#039;s Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl&#039;s chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &amp;quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&amp;quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify">How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.</p><p align="justify">The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.</p><p align="justify">The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.</p><p align="justify">Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.</p><p align="justify">After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.</p><p align="justify">Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.</p><p align="justify">Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. </p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 26857,
		'title' => 'Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-The Times of India
</div>
<p align="justify">
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
</p>
<p align="justify">
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
</p>',
		'credit_writer' => 'The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4674900,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 26857,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality',
	'metaDesc' => '
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify">How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.</p><p align="justify">The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.</p><p align="justify">The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.</p><p align="justify">Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.</p><p align="justify">After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.</p><p align="justify">Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.</p><p align="justify">Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. </p>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 26857,
	'title' => 'Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-The Times of India
</div>
<p align="justify">
How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.
</p>
<p align="justify">
After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.
</p>
<p align="justify">
While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.
</p>
<p align="justify">
Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. 
</p>',
	'credit_writer' => 'The Times of India, 27 December, 2014, http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Disturbing-finding-When-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls/articleshow/45655384.cms',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'disturbing-finding-when-first-born-is-female-sex-ratio-of-second-child-falls-anahita-mukherji-4674900',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4674900,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 26857
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji'
$metaKeywords = 'Son Preference,Sex Selection,sex ratio,gender discrimination,Gender Gap,Gender Inequality'
$metaDesc = '
-The Times of India


How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Times of India</div><p align="justify">How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children.</p><p align="justify">The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children.</p><p align="justify">The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first.</p><p align="justify">Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child.</p><p align="justify">After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. &quot;There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child,&quot; says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors.</p><p align="justify">While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented.</p><p align="justify">Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children.</p><p align="justify">Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact. </p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Disturbing finding: When first born is female, sex ratio of second child falls -Anahita Mukherji

-The Times of India How does a preference for boys over girls skew the child sex ratio? Does the neglect of a girl child result in a dip in the sex ratio? How does one quantify neglect? These are some of the issues explored in a recently released report, 'World of Indian Girls-2014', authored by academicians from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences for the NGO Save the Children. The report, which draws from the latest available data, focuses on the girl child, a category that is rarely studied on its own, and is often lost in the general literature on either women or on children. The report looks at some insidious trends that point to a lowering of India's child sex ratio. For instance, a Lancet study on trends in sex-selective abortion in India shows that when the first child in a family is male, there is no fall in the sex ratio for the second child, but when the first child is female, there is a decline in the sex ratio of the second child. The National Family Health Survey-3 also shows a dip in the child sex ratio along the birth order. The sex ratio for the last birth in a family was seen to be 26% lower than for all births in the family. The figure was 19% for NFHS-2 and 14% for NFHS-1. The data suggests that the last girl to be conceived is more vulnerable to sex-selective abortion than the first. Research on India's disappearing daughters finds that higher levels of wealth and education do not result in a better child sex ratio, with wealthy parts of the country availing of sex-determination. However, India's Muslim population, which belongs largely to lower socio-economic strata, has a higher female sex ratio. While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. The study looked at 15 case records and spoke of the difficulty involved in convicting a doctor for a crime that involved uttering a word or making a gesture to indicate the sex of a child. After birth, too, neglect can severely affect a girl's chances of survival. While data shows the mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) at the neo-natal stage (1-28 days) is lower for girls than boys as girls are biologically hardier than boys, the trend is reversed at the post-neonatal stage. Mortality under the age of five is found to be 69.7 for boys and 79.2 for girls. "There are studies which show the biological advantage of the girl child," says TISS professor P Bindulakshmi, one of the authors of the report, adding that the increase in mortality in the post-neonatal period suggests non-biological factors. While India has outlawed the use of technology to determine the sex of a foetus, the report points to a study by the Public Health Foundation of India, which shows that the law is poorly implemented. Further evidence of neglect is seen in the fact that, for the same ailments, treatment is sought for a greater proportion of boys than girls. In case of acute respiratory infections, treatment was sought for 6% more boys than girls. In cases of diarrhoea, boys are 7% more likely than girls to be taken to a health facility. Worse still, the proportion of male children who are fully immunized is 4% higher than female children. Bindulakshmi rues the fact that in the year 2014, there remains a preference for a male child in India, one that manifests itself in various ways. Despite a number of government schemes and policies addressing the needs of the girl child, she points to the fact that patriarchal norms have remained intact.