Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp;amp; Vinay K Sonkar&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,..."/>
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                <strong>Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp; Vinay K Sonkar</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br /></em><br />The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br /><br />Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br /><br />However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br /><br /><em>Bihar study<br /></em><br />To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br /><br />The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br /><br />Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br /><br />Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br /><br />One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br /><br />One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br /><br />The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,..."/>
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                <strong>Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp; Vinay K Sonkar</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br /></em><br />The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br /><br />Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br /><br />However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br /><br /><em>Bihar study<br /></em><br />To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br /><br />The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br /><br />Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br /><br />Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br /><br />One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br /><br />One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br /><br />The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp;amp; Vinay K Sonkar&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu Business Line, 25 April, 2018, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&#039;,
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu Business Line&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &amp;mdash; some successes but several challenges too&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&amp;rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &amp;mdash; a marker of farmers&amp;rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,..."/>
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                <strong>Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp; Vinay K Sonkar</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br /></em><br />The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br /><br />Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br /><br />However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br /><br /><em>Bihar study<br /></em><br />To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br /><br />The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br /><br />Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br /><br />Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br /><br />One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br /><br />One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br /><br />The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu Business Line<br />
<br />
<em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br />
</em><br />
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br />
<br />
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br />
<br />
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br />
<br />
<em>Bihar study<br />
</em><br />
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br />
<br />
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br />
<br />
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br />
<br />
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br />
<br />
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br />
<br />
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br />
<br />
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp; Vinay K Sonkar',
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br /></em><br />The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br /><br />Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br /><br />However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br /><br /><em>Bihar study<br /></em><br />To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br /><br />The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br /><br />Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br /><br />Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br /><br />One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br /><br />One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br /><br />The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy &amp; Vinay K Sonkar',
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-The Hindu Business Line<br />
<br />
<em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br />
</em><br />
The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br />
<br />
Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br />
<br />
However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br />
<br />
<em>Bihar study<br />
</em><br />
To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br />
<br />
The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br />
<br />
Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br />
<br />
Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br />
<br />
One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br />
<br />
One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br />
<br />
The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-The Hindu Business Line

A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too

The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal,...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu Business Line<br /><br /><em>A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results &mdash; some successes but several challenges too<br /></em><br />The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus.<br /><br />Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers).<br /><br />However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices &mdash; a marker of farmers&rsquo; bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis.<br /><br /><em>Bihar study<br /></em><br />To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges.<br /><br />The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets.<br /><br />Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income.<br /><br />Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear.<br /><br />One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs.<br /><br />One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital.<br /><br />The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece" title="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-agri-bodies-give-farmers-a-boost/article23673418.ece">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Do agri bodies give farmers a boost? -Devesh Roy & Vinay K Sonkar

-The Hindu Business Line A study of Farmer Producer Organisations in Bihar show mixed results — some successes but several challenges too The government has this lofty goal of doubling farmers’ income by 2022. Among the different instruments to achieve this goal, promotion of new and scaling up of existing Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) have been given focus. Given the extremely small landholdings, FPOs, through collectivisation, which leads to economies of scale, are supposed to address the problems and improve the bargaining power of farmers through backward (inputs) and forward linkages (marketing to processors and retailers). However, numerous questions arise about the delivery on the promises made by FPOs. Have FPOs been successful in reducing input costs and bridging the gap between farm and market prices — a marker of farmers’ bargaining power? Have they been successful in providing more markets and eased credit constraints of group members? These questions beg answers based on data and sound empirical analysis. Bihar study To address these questions, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) implemented a study of FPOs in Bihar, a State with many smallholders with limited market access. The results show some success but also several challenges. The farmers seem to have tasted some success in getting information on crops and technology, inputs (seeds, fertilisers and pesticides) at cheaper rates, higher price for their produce, and linking with new markets. Seventy per cent of the farmers reported getting information about crops, technologies, and inputs (mainly seeds). The figures on the side of reduced input costs are modest (16 per cent farmers reporting decreased input cost while 44 per cent farmers report no change). Approximately, 47 per cent farmers believe their gross income went up but, importantly, an equal percentage report no change in income. Further, FPOs seem to falter in terms of risk mitigation. Sixty-five per cent FPO farmers rate sudden collapse in market price as their biggest fear. One of the biggest challenges for FPOs is ineptness in accessing capital (mere 3 per cent farmers reported improved credit access post-membership), notwithstanding the move by some FPOs to convert into Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), subjecting themselves to the Companies Act with all its formalities and associated costs. One of the prime motives behind formation of FPO or FPC is to provide capital access. Around 59 per cent FPO farmers reported status quo in access to capital. The other challenges are lack of proper monitoring, no or incomplete record of farmer members, no penalties for wrongdoers, no incentives for good performance, and other problems like free-riding. Please click here to read more.