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Resource centre on India's rural distress
 
 

Douse farm fires with innovation, incentives -Milkha Singh Aulakh and Kabal Singh Gill

-The Tribune

Minimising paddy straw burning needs multi-pronged and eco-friendly approaches. There is no single solution to manage its massive quantities. All on-field and off-field technologies have limitations. Combined, they would improve soil health, grain production and fertiliser-use efficiency, reduce pollution, and ensure long-term agriculture sustainability. Concerted efforts are needed to make eco-friendly techniques economically viable, especially for small farmers.

WITH mechanised farming and assured irrigation, farmers of northwest India raise 2-3 crops/year, and rice (summer)-wheat (winter) has become the predominant cropping system. This has increased foodgrain production from 52 million tonnes in 1951-52 to 310 million tonnes in 2020-21. More than half of the dry matter produced by these crops is inedible for humans; it remains in the fields as crop residue (CR). Farmers remove some CR for animal feed and household fuel. The rest is burnt in the fields or incorporated into the soil. In Punjab, 80-90% of wheat straw is removed for animal feed. However, 80-90% rice/paddy straw is burnt in the fields as high silica and oxalate content makes it less digestible for livestock.

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