Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0ac36cfd30-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&amp;quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &amp;quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The team&amp;#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&amp;#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.&lt;/p&gt;

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

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Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the..."/>
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                <strong>Embankments, seawalls may increase inundation, costs: New study</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.</p><p style="text-align:justify">They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&quot;.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team&#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&quot; according to the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&amp;quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &amp;quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The team&amp;#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&amp;#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &amp;quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&amp;quot; according to the report.&lt;/p&gt;

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The team&amp;#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&amp;#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.&lt;/p&gt;

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the...&#039;
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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the..."/>
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                <strong>Embankments, seawalls may increase inundation, costs: New study</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.</p><p style="text-align:justify">They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&quot;.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team&#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&quot; according to the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &amp;quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&amp;quot; according to the report.&lt;/p&gt;

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the...&#039;,
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&amp;quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.&lt;/p&gt;

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the..."/>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.</p><p style="text-align:justify">They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&quot;.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team&#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&quot; according to the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">&quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.</p>

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<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>
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Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

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<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p>

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$articleid = (int) 60139
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Embankments, seawalls may increase inundation, costs: New study'
$metaKeywords = 'Sea-level rise,Global warming,Climate change,Embankments,seawalls,flood-protection constructions,Inundation'
$metaDesc = '-Down to Earth

Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event

Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the...'
$disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">&quot;Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event,&quot; the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California.</p><p style="text-align:justify">They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding &quot;can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay&quot;.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The team&#39;s findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas&#39; Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast.</p><p style="text-align:justify">The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. &quot;The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding,&quot; according to the report.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/embankments-seawalls-may-increase-inundation-costs-new-study-77963?fbclid=IwAR2kAYRR6OWCIv33b6bpvBE56gkzMdurBWScB0ddJJvpkQfbNMuFzbqcMdg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>'
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Embankments, seawalls may increase inundation, costs: New study

-Down to Earth Shoreline armouring can increase damages by $723 million for a single flood event Sea-level rise due to climate change has threatened millions of lives and exacerbated infrastructure costs in building embankments and seawalls. These flood-protection constructions, however, heighten the risks of flooding and cost greater financial damages, according to a new report. "Protection of individual shoreline segments (5 to 75 kilometres) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic metres and damages by $723 million for a single flood event," the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found. Researchers from The University of Texas at Arlington and the Stanford Natural Capital Project analysed the flow of floodwater depending on the location of the new seawalls along the San Francisco Bay shoreline in California. They employed complex mathematical tools to find this correlation as well as the additional costs incurred by flooding events. The team found the strategies that locally reduce flooding "can increase inundation along other shorelines within the same estuary or bay". The team's findings can also be applied to other coastal estuaries with low-lying, dense development, such as Texas' Galveston Bay and Chesapeake Bay on the East Coast. The scientists developed various scenarios to gauge the extent of impact of the flood-protection constructions. "The individual shoreline protection scenarios considered in one of the cases can cause as many as 5,900 additional people to be affected by external flooding," according to the report. Please click here to read more.