Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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</span></span></code>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the..."/>
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                <strong>Expropriation in the name of conservation -Avi Singh &amp; Peeyush Bhatia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br /></em><br />The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br /><br />The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br /><br /><em>Proposed amendments<br /></em><br />According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br /><br />The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the...&#039;
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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the..."/>
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                <strong>Expropriation in the name of conservation -Avi Singh &amp; Peeyush Bhatia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br /></em><br />The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br /><br />The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br /><br /><em>Proposed amendments<br /></em><br />According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br /><br />The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&amp;rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &amp;lsquo;police state&amp;rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Proposed amendments&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &amp;ldquo;violation of laws&amp;rdquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The draft says the &amp;lsquo;forest&amp;rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &amp;lsquo;unprotected&amp;rsquo; to &amp;lsquo;reserved&amp;rsquo; or &amp;lsquo;protected&amp;rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the...&#039;
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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the..."/>
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                <strong>Expropriation in the name of conservation -Avi Singh &amp; Peeyush Bhatia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br /></em><br />The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br /><br />The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br /><br /><em>Proposed amendments<br /></em><br />According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br /><br />The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br />
</em><br />
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br />
<br />
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br />
<br />
<em>Proposed amendments<br />
</em><br />
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the...',
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br />
</em><br />
The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br />
<br />
The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br />
<br />
<em>Proposed amendments<br />
</em><br />
According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Expropriation in the name of conservation -Avi Singh &amp; Peeyush Bhatia'
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-The Hindu

It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act<br /></em><br />The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government&rsquo;s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time.<br /><br />The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a &lsquo;police state&rsquo;. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state.<br /><br /><em>Proposed amendments<br /></em><br />According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for &ldquo;violation of laws&rdquo;.<br /><br />The draft says the &lsquo;forest&rsquo; will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from &lsquo;unprotected&rsquo; to &lsquo;reserved&rsquo; or &lsquo;protected&rsquo;, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/expropriation-in-the-name-of-conservation/article26905405.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Expropriation in the name of conservation -Avi Singh & Peeyush Bhatia

-The Hindu It is shocking that a democratic government is seeking to strengthen the colonial-era Indian Forest Act The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was a remarkable piece of expropriation in the name of conservation. The British government carried out one of the largest land expropriations in history, where the rights to occupy and use forests were transferred from communities with customary and historical property rights to the colonial Central government. The act offered a fig leaf that those who could establish their rights were excepted from this expropriation (of course, few could establish their rights, given that their rights were not property rights as per the British government’s conception of property). These expropriations were ameliorated in some small measure in the Forest Rights Act of 2006, but they have remained the edifice of the relationship between the government and the Adivasis. It is the forest department that Adivasis must deal with as their primary government agency. That a democratic government almost a century later seeks to expand and strengthen the tools of the Indian Forest Act is remarkable and shocking at the same time. The ostensible inspiration for the amendments proposed by the Central government is the same as that of the colonial regime: the protection of forests. However, the government goes a step further than the colonial government and seeks to criminalise the communities, primarily the Adivasis, who dwell in these forests. Forest rights activists have expressed concern that forests could turn into a ‘police state’. A better description would be that they would become a more draconian police state. Proposed amendments According to the draft amendments, the forest department will now be able to enforce the property rights of the government to forests at the exclusion of Adivasis dwelling there, through preventive arrest provisions. Certain offences will be made non-bailable. The presumption of innocence is reversed. Alleged encroachers can be arrested without warrant. Forest officials will be given the authority to use arms against tribals for “violation of laws”. The draft says the ‘forest’ will not be limited to land owned by the government; it will include any flora considered forest, as a 1996 Supreme Court order had expanded the definition of forest. The Central government will be able to change the classification from ‘unprotected’ to ‘reserved’ or ‘protected’, and the erstwhile land owners will be subjected to penal provisions for customary use of their land. Please click here to read more.