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Resource centre on India's rural distress
 
 

Failed borewells and farmer suicides: The human cost of Anantapur's agrarian crisis -Haripriya Suresh

-TheNewsMinute.com

Water is a resource that will never run out, they say; but its scarcity has been the undoing of many families in Kadiri, a town in Andhra Pradesh’s Anantapur district.

Anantapur district has seen varying degrees of drought for many years now. Barren lands and wilting crops are a common sight in these parts. The sun beats down on you and wears you out, and there is no water in sight.

Like the rest of Anantapur, the drought has meant that the town of Kadiri, too, has been reeling under an agrarian crisis for many years now, as it has a largely rain-fed agricultural economy. As a result, residents who do not have the resources to migrate in search of greener pastures are struggling with poverty, mounting debt, and government apathy.

The drought has propelled a large number of farmer suicides, out of desperation or devastation. At least 223 farmers took their lives between June 2014 and October 2016 because of debt.

Among the many who have lost family members to suicides is Gangulamma, who is still hoping to turn around her luck.

The price of scarce water

R Gangulamma is a healthy-looking woman in her early 30s, looks exhausted, and her voice begins to quiver every time she begins to speak about her life in the last four years. (She will be referred to as Gangamma henceforth.)

Gangamma’s husband, Ramanjula, owned 2.75 acres of land, which they hoped to earn a living from. Five years ago, Ramanjula decided to borrow Rs 5 lakh to dig borewells, hoping that water would ensure that they have a good harvest. Other than having to pay for the borewell, Ramanjula also had to pay another Rs 70,000 for electricity to be able to dig the borewell.

Four borewells were dug, three failed. Finally, one bore water.  

Ramanjula and Gangamma decided to plant crops, and even got a good harvest. The two hoped for a better life, and believed that they would be able to educate their daughter well.

However, the prices plummeted that year, worsening their situation.

“None of the crops were profitable. The rates were also low. We also planted a lot of kanakambaram flowers, but it caught a disease,” says Gangamma.

As a source of additional income, the family decided to buy four cows, but only two survived, which further added on to their distress.

And one day, five years ago, Ramanjula decided to kill himself.

“He didn't tell any of us where he was going, we had no idea,” says Gangamma. “We were wondering where he was. He told my sister's son: "I'm killing myself because I couldn't stand the pressure of loans. Your aunt has no one other than me. Please take care of her."

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