Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38450
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br /></em><br />The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br /><br />The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br /><br />But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br /><br />But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br /><br />Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38450
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br /></em><br />The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br /><br />The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br /><br />But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br /><br />But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br /><br />Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0cb61413d9-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38450,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686581,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38450
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&amp;#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Election Commission&amp;rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&amp;rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&amp;rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &amp;ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&amp;rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &amp;ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&amp;rdquo; are defined as the &amp;ldquo;population&amp;rdquo;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br /></em><br />The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br /><br />The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br /><br />But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br /><br />But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br /><br />Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 38450,
		'title' => 'For democracy's sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br />
</em><br />
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br />
<br />
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br />
<br />
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br />
<br />
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br />
<br />
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4686581,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 38450,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br /></em><br />The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br /><br />The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br /><br />But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br /><br />But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br /><br />Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 38450,
	'title' => 'For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br />
</em><br />
The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br />
<br />
The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br />
<br />
But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br />
<br />
But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br />
<br />
Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Hindustan Times, 14 February, 2019, https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'for-democracy039s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit-v-ramani-and-k-ashok-vardhan-shetty-4686581',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4686581,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 38450
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | For democracy&#039;s sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty'
$metaKeywords = 'Election Commission,Electronic Voting Machines,Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT),Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines,EVMs'
$metaDesc = '
-Hindustan Times

Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.

The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>Election Commission&rsquo;s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps.<br /></em><br />The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India&rsquo;s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter.<br /><br />The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can&rsquo;t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards.<br /><br />But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample.<br /><br />But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just &ldquo;one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency&rdquo; for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. <br /><br />Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI&rsquo;s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if &ldquo;EVMs deployed in a state as a whole&rdquo; are defined as the &ldquo;population&rdquo;. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/for-democracy-s-sake-evms-must-have-proper-vvpat-based-audit/story-Is99jVlyNN3zfpMmGBq4CL.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

For democracy's sake, EVMs must have proper VVPAT-based audit -V Ramani and K Ashok Vardhan Shetty

-Hindustan Times Election Commission’s faulty audit plan has led to an avoidable controversy. We recommend a few steps. The bizarre claim made in London recently about the alleged hacking of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in previous elections has done more harm than good by diverting public attention from genuine concerns about EVMs and the Election Commission of India’s (ECI) lack of transparency in the matter. The controversy over the security of EVMs dates back to the early 2000s, and is not confined to India. A consensus has emerged that voters can’t verify whether their votes have been recorded and counted correctly, and that miscounts due to EVM malfunction or fraud are undetectable and unchallengeable. Hence, an additional verifiable physical record of every vote cast in the form of voter verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is required. In 2013, the Supreme Court mandated the use of EVMs with VVPAT units, and ECI has been deploying these in assembly elections from 2017 onwards. But if a VVPAT-based audit is to have any real security value, it is essential to tally the electronic vote count with the manual one as per the VVPAT slips for a statistically significant sample size of EVMs chosen at random from a suitably defined population of EVMs. Equally important is a clear decision rule about what should be done in the event of a defective EVM turning up in the sample. But the audit plan that ECI has put in place suffers from serious shortcomings. First, ECI has prescribed a statistically incorrect sample size of just “one polling station (i.e. one EVM) per Assembly Constituency” for all assembly constituencies and all states, even though the number of EVMs in an assembly constituency in different states differs. Second, ECI has not declared the criteria for arriving at its sample size nor has it specified the population to which this sample size relates. The latter is important because if we assume that 1% of the EVMs are defective, the probability that ECI’s present sample size will fail to detect at least one defective EVM is 99% if “EVMs deployed in an Assembly Constituency” are defined as the “population”. Similarly, the corresponding number is 94% if “EVMs deployed in a Parliamentary Constituency” are defined as the “population”, and varies from about 2% (UP) to 71% (Sikkim) if “EVMs deployed in a state as a whole” are defined as the “population”. Please click here to read more.