Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f14463dbd80-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f14463dbd80-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f14463dbd80-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National...&#039;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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                <strong>For women, India’s workfare programme works -Chandrahas Choudhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg<br /><br /><em>Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market <br /></em><br />Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &lsquo;Narega.&rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&rsquo;s given rise to the world&rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &lsquo;workfare&rsquo; programme.<br /><br />The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.<br /><br />Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.<br /><br />It&rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.<br /><br />And there&rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&rsquo;s empowerment.<br /><br />&lsquo;Narega&rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.<br /><br />Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&rsquo;t. The employer is &lsquo;the government&rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.<br /><br />In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.<br /><br />The programme has boosted women&rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg

Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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                <strong>For women, India’s workfare programme works -Chandrahas Choudhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg<br /><br /><em>Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market <br /></em><br />Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &lsquo;Narega.&rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&rsquo;s given rise to the world&rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &lsquo;workfare&rsquo; programme.<br /><br />The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.<br /><br />Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.<br /><br />It&rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.<br /><br />And there&rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&rsquo;s empowerment.<br /><br />&lsquo;Narega&rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.<br /><br />Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&rsquo;t. The employer is &lsquo;the government&rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.<br /><br />In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.<br /><br />The programme has boosted women&rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &amp;lsquo;Narega.&amp;rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&amp;rsquo;s given rise to the world&amp;rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &amp;lsquo;workfare&amp;rsquo; programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&amp;mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It&amp;rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&amp;rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And there&amp;rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&amp;rsquo;s empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lsquo;Narega&amp;rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&amp;rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&amp;rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&amp;rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&amp;rsquo;t. The employer is &amp;lsquo;the government&amp;rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&amp;rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The programme has boosted women&amp;rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National...&#039;
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

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                <strong>For women, India’s workfare programme works -Chandrahas Choudhury</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg<br /><br /><em>Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market <br /></em><br />Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &lsquo;Narega.&rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&rsquo;s given rise to the world&rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &lsquo;workfare&rsquo; programme.<br /><br />The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.<br /><br />Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.<br /><br />It&rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.<br /><br />And there&rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&rsquo;s empowerment.<br /><br />&lsquo;Narega&rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.<br /><br />Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&rsquo;t. The employer is &lsquo;the government&rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.<br /><br />In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.<br /><br />The programme has boosted women&rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html" title="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg<br />
<br />
<em>Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market <br />
</em><br />
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &lsquo;Narega.&rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&rsquo;s given rise to the world&rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &lsquo;workfare&rsquo; programme.<br />
<br />
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.<br />
<br />
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.<br />
<br />
It&rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.<br />
<br />
And there&rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&rsquo;s empowerment.<br />
<br />
&lsquo;Narega&rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.<br />
<br />
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&rsquo;t. The employer is &lsquo;the government&rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.<br />
<br />
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.<br />
<br />
The programme has boosted women&rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National...',
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-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg<br />
<br />
<em>Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market <br />
</em><br />
Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as &lsquo;Narega.&rsquo; Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it&rsquo;s given rise to the world&rsquo;s largest livelihood-security or &lsquo;workfare&rsquo; programme.<br />
<br />
The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects&mdash;road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants.<br />
<br />
Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill.<br />
<br />
It&rsquo;s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It&rsquo;s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons.<br />
<br />
And there&rsquo;s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women&rsquo;s empowerment.<br />
<br />
&lsquo;Narega&rsquo; has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India&rsquo;s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women&rsquo;s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme&rsquo;s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16.<br />
<br />
Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant&rsquo;s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren&rsquo;t. The employer is &lsquo;the government&rsquo; and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work.<br />
<br />
In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would&rsquo;ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers.<br />
<br />
The programme has boosted women&rsquo;s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/xfGSilTuZuLPZyTMexpXFK/For-women-workfare-programme-Narega-works.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market 

Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National...'
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For women, India’s workfare programme works -Chandrahas Choudhury

-Livemint.com/ Bloomberg Corruption being rife though, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has boosted agricultural wages and rural-labour market Over the last 10 years in India, perhaps no other law has sparked such sustained debate as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), universally known as ‘Narega.’ Passed by the previous Congress government in February 2006 and upheld by the Narendra Modi administration, it’s given rise to the world’s largest livelihood-security or ‘workfare’ programme. The law guarantees up to 100 days of employment at the state minimum wage on local public-works projects—road-building, well-digging, reforestation and the like. Today it counts about 100 million active (if unevenly distributed and irregularly employed) participants. Free-marketeers, including the two most prominent economists advising Narendra Modi, have long complained that the programme is a boondoggle, eating up 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) without contributing meaningfully to economic growth. But large data sets collected over the past decade now allow for a more textured debate on its merits, for good and ill. It’s true that participation rates vary widely between states, and corruption is unsurprisingly rife. On the other hand, studies have shown that the programme has boosted agricultural wages and the rural-labour market. It’s promoted the accumulation of durable assets and has been used to insure against bad monsoons. And there’s one area in which the programme has had results that are unambiguously welcome: women’s empowerment. ‘Narega’ has drawn rural women into the labour market in numbers never seen before. At the time of its inauguration, programme rules required that at least one out of three workers employed would have to be female. The motivation was simple: men in India’s workforce vastly outnumber women. Data shows a steady rise in women’s participation over the years. Women now comprise over half the programme’s workforce, and accounted for over 55% of person-days worked in 2015-16. Key requirements, beyond the one-third quota, have made this dramatic shift possible. Work has to be made available within five kilometers of the applicant’s home. Men and women must be paid an equal wage, which in the private labour market they usually aren’t. The employer is ‘the government’ and not a member of the village elite. And work is offered not to an individual but a household. Altogether, these strictures have helped overcome traditional and extremely tenacious constraints on women leaving the house to work. In a sample of over 300 female workers interviewed by Reetika Khera and Nandini Nayak in 2008 in north India, half the respondents said that had it not been for the programme, they would’ve worked at home or remained unemployed. One of the most comprehensive studies of the scheme, prepared by the India Human Development Survey and drawing on data from 26,000 households, found that Narega pay was likely to be the first-ever cash income for nearly 45% of female workers. The programme has boosted women’s access to work, financial independence and bargaining power within the family. Millions have now been brought into the formal financial system of wages, banking and credit for the first time. Please click here to read more.