Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38019
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Mongabay.com<br /><br /><em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br /><br />* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br /><br />* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br /></em><br />Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br /><br />In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br /><br />It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br /><br />The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br /><br />For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br /><br /><em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br /></em><br />Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br /><br />It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br /><br />According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br /><br />Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br /><br />Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/" title="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38019
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Mongabay.com<br /><br /><em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br /><br />* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br /><br />* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br /></em><br />Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br /><br />In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br /><br />It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br /><br />The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br /><br />For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br /><br /><em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br /></em><br />Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br /><br />It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br /><br />According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br /><br />Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br /><br />Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/" title="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0a515d7301-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 38019,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4686150,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 38019
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Mongabay.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &amp;ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&amp;rdquo; finds a recent study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the study,&amp;nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &amp;ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It emphasises that a &amp;ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights &amp;ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&amp;rdquo;. It indicates that the &amp;ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&amp;rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &amp;ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&amp;rdquo; it said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&amp;rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&amp;rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Indian government&amp;rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &amp;ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &amp;ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&amp;rdquo; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot; title=&quot;https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Mongabay.com<br /><br /><em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br /><br />* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br /><br />* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br /></em><br />Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br /><br />In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br /><br />It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br /><br />The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br /><br />For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br /><br /><em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br /></em><br />Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br /><br />It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br /><br />According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br /><br />Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br /><br />Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/" title="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 38019,
		'title' => 'Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Mongabay.com<br />
<br />
<em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br />
<br />
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br />
<br />
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br />
</em><br />
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br />
<br />
In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br />
<br />
It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br />
<br />
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br />
<br />
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br />
<br />
<em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br />
</em><br />
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br />
<br />
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br />
<br />
According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br />
<br />
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4686150,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 38019,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal',
	'metaKeywords' => 'forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Mongabay.com<br /><br /><em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br /><br />* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br /><br />* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br /></em><br />Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br /><br />In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br /><br />It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br /><br />The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br /><br />For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br /><br /><em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br /></em><br />Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br /><br />It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br /><br />According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br /><br />Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br /><br />Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/" title="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.</div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 38019,
	'title' => 'Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Mongabay.com<br />
<br />
<em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br />
<br />
* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br />
<br />
* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br />
</em><br />
Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br />
<br />
In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br />
<br />
It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br />
<br />
The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br />
<br />
For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br />
<br />
<em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br />
</em><br />
Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br />
<br />
It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br />
<br />
According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br />
<br />
Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Mongabay.com, 13 December, 2018, https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete-mayank-aggarwal-4686150',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4686150,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 38019
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal'
$metaKeywords = 'forest rights,forest rights act,Forest Rights Act (2006),Community Forest Rights'
$metaDesc = '
-Mongabay.com

* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.

* A recent study reveals a large...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Mongabay.com<br /><br /><em>* Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory.<br /><br />* A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates.<br /><br />* Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests.<br /></em><br />Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation &ldquo;has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,&rdquo; finds a recent study.<br /><br />In the study,&nbsp; Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that &ldquo;there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations.<br /><br />It emphasises that a &ldquo;greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.&rdquo;<br /><br />The study highlights &ldquo;important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority&rdquo;. It indicates that the &ldquo;local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,&rdquo; said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal.<br /><br />The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. <br /><br />For instance, the analysis reveals, that the &ldquo;cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.&rdquo;<br /><br />&ldquo;The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,&rdquo; it said.<br /><br /><em>High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act<br /></em><br />Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India&rsquo;s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded.<br /><br />It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers&rsquo; right to sustainably use and manage forests.<br /><br />According to Indian government&rsquo;s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims.<br /><br />Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights &ndash; Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the &ldquo;FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.&rdquo; <br /><br />Please <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/" title="https://india.mongabay.com/2018/12/13/forest-rights-act-a-decade-old-but-implementation-remains-incomplete/">click here</a> to read more.</div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Forest Rights Act: A decade old but implementation remains incomplete -Mayank Aggarwal

-Mongabay.com * Indian government enacted the Forest Rights Act in 2006 to correct the historic injustice done to tribal people and forest dwellers but the implementation of the landmark legislation has been far from satisfactory. * A recent study reveals a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the FRA Act across states. It found that states with more forest cover have higher claim distribution rates, while states with presence of left-wing extremism are associated with higher claim rejection rates. * Experts working on the issue on the ground believe the biggest hurdles in proper implementation of the FRA Act are the forest bureaucracy and corporate interests. Since its enactment in 2006, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) has been hailed as a step to correct the historic injustice meted out to tribal people and forest dwellers in India, but even over a decade later, its implementation “has been uneven since its inception and remains incomplete,” finds a recent study. In the study,  Jocelyn I. Lee and Steven A. Wolf of the United States-based Cornell University conducted a critical assessment of the implementation of the Forest Rights Act of India and revealed that “there is a large variation in the outcomes of claims submitted under the Act across states.” The study analyses the implementation of the FRA 2006 across India for the period 2008-2017 by examining the rates of formal distribution of rights claims at the level of individual states. It aims to explain variance across states through reliance on political, economic and ecological considerations. It emphasises that a “greater extent of forest cover is associated with higher claim distribution rates, while the presence of left-wing extremism is associated with higher claim rejection rates.” The study highlights “important governance tensions underlying prospects for environmental conservation through decentralisation of forest management authority”. It indicates that the “local political climate and interests, along with existing ecological conditions, may mediate implementation of forest policy reforms in an important way.” “Sweeping institutional change to socioecological relations and property rights may be difficult to achieve in a country where political relationships and controls over access to resources differ across local contexts,” said the study published in the Land Use Policy journal. The study highlights that there are several trends in the processing of FRA claims with major ones like high variation among state in the number of claims received and titles distributed. For instance, the analysis reveals, that the “cumulative state distribution rates range from zero percent to approximately 66 percent with Kerala and Odisha both having issued titles for about 66 percent of all claims received within their states.” “The distribution rate of zero belongs to the state of Tamil Nadu where a high court ban on the issuance of titles was in place until early 2016. The next lowest distribution rate (1.5 percent) occurs in Bihar, which has some of the lowest total numbers of claims received, distributed, and rejected,” it said. High potential, poor implementation of FRA Act Passed in 2006, the FRA Act seeks to make amends to India’s tribal community and other forest dwellers. The Act makes provisions for recognising and giving the forest rights to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes and other traditional communities residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded. It also aims to strengthen the conservation regime by recognising forest dwellers’ right to sustainably use and manage forests. According to Indian government’s Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) data, which is the nodal department for the implementation of the FRA Act, till September 2018 end, a total of 4,219,741 claims (individual and community claims) have been filed and 1,889, 835 titles (individual and community claims) amounting to 17,848,733 acres of forest lands have been distributed. But this also means that a total of 1,934,345 claims were rejected by the government which is more than the approved claims. Sanghamitra Dubey of the Community Forest Rights – Learning and Advocacy (CFR-LA) Process, a group of experts who are working on the issue of community forest rights across India, said, the “FRA sought to democratise forest governance in India by securing rights of adivasis and forest dwellers and by empowering gram sabhas to govern community forest resources.” Please click here to read more.