Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f9c93a7e132-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think...&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

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                <strong>How economic inequality impacts caste politics -Pramit Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br /><br />A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br /><br />The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br /><br />Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br /><br />Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br /><br />While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br /><br />One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br /><br />By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think...&#039;
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

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                <strong>How economic inequality impacts caste politics -Pramit Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br /><br />A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br /><br />The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br /><br />Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br /><br />Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br /><br />While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br /><br />One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br /><br />By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

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$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New Delhi: &lt;/em&gt;When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&amp;rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&amp;rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>How economic inequality impacts caste politics -Pramit Bhattacharya</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br /><br />A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br /><br />The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br /><br />Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br /><br />Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br /><br />While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br /><br />One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br /><br />By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br />
<br />
New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br />
<br />
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br />
<br />
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br />
<br />
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br />
<br />
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br />
<br />
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br />
<br />
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think...',
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br />
<br />
New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br />
<br />
A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br />
<br />
The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br />
<br />
Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br />
<br />
While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br />
<br />
One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br />
<br />
By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-Livemint.com

One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base 

New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base <br /><br />New Delhi: </em>When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view.<br /><br />A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups.<br /><br />The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA.<br /><br />Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows.<br /><br />Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes.<br /><br />While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India&rsquo;s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics.<br /><br />One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)&rsquo;s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties.<br /><br />By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/qpMzvG0QQsyoBoGAxVoOPI/How-economic-inequality-impacts-caste-politics.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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How economic inequality impacts caste politics -Pramit Bhattacharya

-Livemint.com One of the big drivers of the ruling BJP’s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to exploit inequalities within caste groups to expand its support base New Delhi: When we think of caste-based inequality in India, we typically think of a pyramid where scheduled castes (SCs or Dalits) and scheduled tribes (STs) are at the bottom, other backward classes (OBCs) above them, and upper castes at the very top. Official survey data which measure caste along such broad lines support such a view. A new World Bank study by the economists Shareen Joshi, Nishtha Kochhar and Vijayendra Rao challenges this narrative, suggesting inequality within caste groups could be higher than that across caste groups. The study, which provides the first-of-its-kind estimates of economic inequality among sub-castes or jatis in rural Bihar, is based on a sample dominated by SCs and OBCs who participated in a state-run rural livelihoods project called JEEViKA. Therefore, the estimates of intra-group inequality are likely to be more precise for SCs and OBCs than for other caste groups. And among these groups, there is large variation within sub-castes, the study shows. Among Dalits, for instance, Musahars are much worse off than Chamars and Dushadh in terms of both monthly consumption expenditure and educational attainment. Among OBCs, sub-castes such as Koeris fare badly compared with most Dalit sub-castes. While the exact magnitude of inequality within broad caste groups may vary across the country, the study conducted in one of India’s most populous states suggests that inequality among sub-castes may be a key driver of economic inequality in the country. It also explains the salience of jati or sub-caste identity in our daily lives, and in our politics. One of the main drivers of the Narendra Modi-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)’s massive victory in 2014 was its ability to win the loyalties of sub-castes within caste-groups such as Dalits who have historically been aligned with non-BJP parties. By portraying the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) as a party that caters primarily to Jatav interests and Samajwadi Party (SP) as one of Yadavs, the BJP was able to wean away a significant chunk of non-Jatav Dalit voters and non-Yadav voters in Uttar Pradesh, data from Lokniti-CSDS shows. Please click here to read more.