Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 59825
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 59825
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67ee433e54648-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67ee433e54648-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 59825,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;
&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 59825
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India&#039;s Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-TheWire.in&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Despite the fact that India&amp;#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&amp;rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Financial inclusion is considered &amp;ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&amp;rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &amp;ldquo;make the best use of their money&amp;rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;In 2020, India&amp;rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot; title=&quot;https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 59825,
		'title' => 'How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian',
		'subheading' => null,
		'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>
',
		'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian',
		'meta_title' => '',
		'meta_keywords' => '',
		'meta_description' => '',
		'noindex' => (int) 1,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => null,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 59825,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance',
	'metaDesc' => '-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...',
	'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 59825,
	'title' => 'How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian',
	'subheading' => null,
	'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>
',
	'credit_writer' => 'TheWire.in, 23 June, 2021, https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'how-india-s-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic-isabelle-guerin-nithya-joseph-and-g-venkatasubramanian',
	'meta_title' => '',
	'meta_keywords' => '',
	'meta_description' => '',
	'noindex' => (int) 1,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => null,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 59825
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian'
$metaKeywords = 'Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile,JAM,Cash Transfer,Financial inclusion,PMJDY,Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi,PM-Kisan,Microfinance'
$metaDesc = '-TheWire.in

Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.

When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across...'
$disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-TheWire.in</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Despite the fact that India&#39;s financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic.</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women&rsquo;s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans.</p><p style="text-align:justify">However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution.</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance &nbsp;</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">Financial inclusion is considered &ldquo;a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity&rdquo; by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to &ldquo;make the best use of their money&rdquo;. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes.</p><p style="text-align:justify">In 2020, India&rsquo;s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic" title="https://thewire.in/rights/how-indias-financial-inclusion-infrastructure-failed-during-the-pandemic">click here</a> to read more.</p>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

How India's Financial Inclusion Infrastructure Failed During the Pandemic -Isabelle Guérin, Nithya Joseph and G Venkatasubramanian

-TheWire.in Despite the fact that India's financial inclusion infrastructure has a complex mix of self-help groups and small private banks offering credit to the poor, it has failed to deliver during the pandemic. When the pandemic struck, policymakers and prominent economists across the world called for financial infrastructures to be strengthened. They argued this would support the efficient channeling of relief through cash transfers or cheap loans. India was no exception to the optimistic discourse. Proposed relief for the poor relied heavily on financial inclusion infrastructure, coming in the form of targeted transfers to bank accounts, increased credit to women’s savings groups, and moratoria on micro-loans. However, having studied household financial practices and debt in rural India over many years, we had serious doubts. One year into the pandemic, it is clear that our fears were well-founded. In India, financial inclusion infrastructures have proven to be a tool for revenue capture rather than distribution. Financial inclusion in India: From self-help groups to global finance   Financial inclusion is considered “a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity” by the World Bank. The idea of financial inclusion started out with microcredit. Its founding promise was to end poverty by empowering the poor to start small businesses. This grew to a broader promise: to offer everyone, regardless of income, a set of banking services and to enable the poor to “make the best use of their money”. Further, it is purported to strengthen their citizenship through the effective delivery of cash transfers. In India, civil society organisations first created microcredit programmes in the 1980s, and for-profit global institutions entered by the early 2000s. Today, India probably offers the most ambitious financial inclusion infrastructure in the world, with a complex mix of self-help groups (SHGs) and small private banks that offer credit to the poor, and a variety of public programmes. In 2020, India’s microcredit portfolio was estimated at Rs 1.08 lakh crore, 80% of which was held by for-profit entities. The number of adults with a bank account almost doubled over a few years to include more than four-fifths of the population. Please click here to read more.