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Resource centre on India's rural distress
 
 

In India’s coal belts, jobs are now hard to get -- and harder to keep -Karishma Mehrotra

-Scroll.in

Coal mining continues to flourish in the country but it is no longer a major source of employment.

For four months in 2019, Umesh Kumar Saw protested against a new coal mining project that was sprouting up just 50 meters behind his home, threatening to gobble up three acres of his family’s agricultural land. But when the mining company offered him a job, he relented. His family gave up their land in Churchu in Jharkhand’s Hazaribagh district, and Saw joined 300 others from the village to sign a six-month contract as a “helper” in the Pakri Barwadih mine.

“For Rs 18,000 a month, we became a lollipop,” the 36-year-old said, using the term that has become popular in the village for those who gave up their land rights in exchange for employment. Not far from the village school compound where we stood talking in November, farmers collected their harvest right up to a line of grey rubble, the yellow of their wheat stark against the black mountain of excavated earth towering above them.

Traditionally, coal companies owned by the Indian government offered permanent jobs as compensation to families that lost their agricultural land to a mine. But Pakri Barwadih is being mined by a joint venture of two private firms, Thriveni Earthmovers and Sainik Mining, which has been subcontracted operations by the National Thermal Power Corporation that holds the mining rights.

Such private arrangements, known as mine developer and operator, or MDO, contracts, are now ubiquitous in India. They have drastically altered the employment landscape in the country’s coal belts.

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