Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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-PTI
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.
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&amp;quot;This type of discrimination we&#039;re seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children&#039;s health and well-being,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.
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&amp;quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.
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-PTI


Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...&#039;,
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
&lt;/p&gt;
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.
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&amp;quot;This type of discrimination we&#039;re seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children&#039;s health and well-being,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.
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&amp;quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.
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-PTI


Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...&#039;
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and..."/>
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                <strong>In male-dominated Indian society, sex discrimination begins in womb: study</strong></h1>
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                <p align="justify">-PTI</p><div align="justify">Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.</div><p align="justify">The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening,&quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.</p><p align="justify">In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.</p><p align="justify">In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.</p><p align="justify">Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.</p><p align="justify">The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.</p><p align="justify">In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.</p><p align="justify">&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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-PTI
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.
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&amp;quot;This type of discrimination we&#039;re seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children&#039;s health and well-being,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.
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&amp;quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...&#039;,
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.
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The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...&#039;
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and..."/>
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                <strong>In male-dominated Indian society, sex discrimination begins in womb: study</strong></h1>
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                <p align="justify">-PTI</p><div align="justify">Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.</div><p align="justify">The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening,&quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.</p><p align="justify">In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.</p><p align="justify">In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.</p><p align="justify">Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.</p><p align="justify">The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.</p><p align="justify">In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.</p><p align="justify">&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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-PTI
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.
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&amp;quot;This type of discrimination we&#039;re seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children&#039;s health and well-being,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.
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-PTI


Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-PTI&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;This type of discrimination we&#039;re seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children&#039;s health and well-being,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&amp;quot; Lakdawala said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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&amp;quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what&#039;s happening,&amp;quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it&#039;s illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby&#039;s sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls&#039; health and survival in patriarchal societies.


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-PTI


Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and..."/>
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                <strong>In male-dominated Indian society, sex discrimination begins in womb: study</strong></h1>
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                <p align="justify">-PTI</p><div align="justify">Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.</div><p align="justify">The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening,&quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.</p><p align="justify">In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.</p><p align="justify">In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.</p><p align="justify">Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.</p><p align="justify">The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.</p><p align="justify">In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.</p><p align="justify">&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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-PTI
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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&quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening,&quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.
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In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.
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However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.
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Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.
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&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.
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Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.
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The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.
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In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.
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The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.
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&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.
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Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.
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&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.
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The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.
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$articleid = (int) 20023
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | In male-dominated Indian society, sex discrimination begins in womb: study'
$metaKeywords = 'female foeticide,gender discrimination,Law and Justice,Gender'
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-PTI


Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.


The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and...'
$disp = '<p align="justify">-PTI</p><div align="justify">Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies.</div><p align="justify">The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India.</p><p align="justify">&quot;It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening,&quot; said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics.</p><p align="justify">In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement.</p><p align="justify">In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots.</p><p align="justify">Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth.</p><p align="justify">The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries.</p><p align="justify">In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed.</p><p align="justify">&quot;This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects.</p><p align="justify">&quot;We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious,&quot; Lakdawala said.</p><p align="justify">The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.</p><p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>'
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In male-dominated Indian society, sex discrimination begins in womb: study

-PTI Women in India are more likely to get prenatal care when pregnant with male babies, according to a groundbreaking study that has implications for girls' health and survival in patriarchal societies. The study by Leah Lakdawala of Michigan State University and Prashant Bharadwaj of the University of California, San Diego, suggests sex discrimination begins in the womb in male-dominated societies such as India. "It paints a pretty dire picture of what's happening," said Lakdawala, MSU assistant professor of economics. In India, while it's illegal for a doctor to reveal the sex of an unborn baby or for a woman to have an abortion based on the baby's sex, both practises are common, Lakdawala said. However, knowing the sex of the baby through an ultrasound also can lead to discrimination for those pregnancies that go full-term, she said in a statement. In studying the national health-survey data of more than 30,000 Indians, the researchers found that women pregnant with boys were more likely to go to prenatal medical appointments, take iron supplements, deliver the baby in a health-care facility - as opposed to in the home - and receive tetanus shots. Tetanus is the leading cause of neonatal deaths in India. According to the study, children whose mothers had not received a tetanus vaccination were more likely to be born underweight or die shortly after birth. The researchers - the first to study sex discrimination in prenatal care - also looked at smaller data sets from other countries. In other patriarchal nations of China, Bangladesh and Pakistan, evidence of sex-discrimination in the womb existed. But in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Ghana, which are not considered male-dominated, no such evidence existed. "This type of discrimination we're seeing, while not as severe as sex-selective abortion, is very important for children's health and well-being," Lakdawala said. Given that previous research has linked early childhood health to later outcomes, sex discrimination in prenatal care might also have long-term effects. "We know that children born at higher birth weights go to school for longer periods and have higher wages as adults, so the future implications here are pretty serious," Lakdawala said. The study appears in the Journal of Human Resources.