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India’s Maternal Mortality Rate Is Dropping – But Look Closer -Pradeep Krishnatray

-The Wire Science

There is reason to celebrate the drop of India’s maternal mortality rate: the decline is consistent and continuous, indicating that the reproductive health of India’s women is getting better. However, a closer look at the state-level MMR data reveals that the all-India three-year average of maternal deaths camouflages the performance of some states.

We can predict that the Empowered Action Group states and Assam will have to redouble their efforts if India is to meet the 2030 target of an MMR lower than 70.
There is reason to celebrate the drop of India’s maternal mortality rate (MMR) to 113. This decline is consistent and continuous, indicating that the reproductive health of India’s women is getting better.

However, a closer look at the state-level MMR data reveals that the all-India three-year average of maternal deaths (113) camouflages the performance of some states. A few states have performed exceedingly well and pulled their MMR down much below the UN Sustainable Development Goal of fewer than 70 deaths per one lakh live births in a year. These states are Kerala (43), Maharashtra (46), Telangana (63), Andhra Pradesh (65) and Tamil Nadu (60). Four of these states are in the south.

Jharkhand (71) is very close to joining these four. Its case is unique: its performance stands in stark contrast to its three neighbouring states of Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal. The fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data showed that although the state doesn’t do a good job of schooling its girl children as compared to its three neighbours, it is still able to provide 10 or more years of schooling to 33.2% of women – which is the highest among these four states.

There is no gainsaying that the longer the girls remain in school, the more likely they will marry late and have fewer children.

In addition, along with Bihar, Jharkhand has drastically reduced the percentage of women aged 20-24 years who marry before the age of 18. The state has also reduced the more intractable under-5 infant mortality rate by 39 points (Odisha did even better, reducing this figure by 43%).

Antenatal care (ANC) registration is an important indicator of maternal health. Ideally, registration for ANC should happen in the first trimester of a pregnancy. This was not so for a long time, largely because women were reluctant to announce their pregnancy so early. However, improvements in the quality of service, safety, the involvement of ASHA workers and multiple government schemes in support of expecting women have changed the situation.

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