Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Livemint.com

Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Livemint.com

Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that...&#039;
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that..."/>
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                <strong>Indian agriculture&#039;s problem of scale</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed<br /></em><br />The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.<br /><br />When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.<br /><br />Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.<br /><br />In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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</span></span></code>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

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&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
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The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that..."/>
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                <strong>Indian agriculture&#039;s problem of scale</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed<br /></em><br />The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.<br /><br />When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.<br /><br />Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.<br /><br />In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Livemint.com

Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that...&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&amp;rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&amp;mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&amp;mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&amp;mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &amp;ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&amp;rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&amp;rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

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                <strong>Indian agriculture&#039;s problem of scale</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed<br /></em><br />The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.<br /><br />When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.<br /><br />Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.<br /><br />In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed<br />
</em><br />
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.<br />
<br />
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.<br />
<br />
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.<br />
<br />
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html">click here</a> to read more.
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that...',
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<br />
<em>Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed<br />
</em><br />
The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed.<br />
<br />
When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census&mdash;from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares.<br />
<br />
Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation&mdash;that is, the vast majority of them&mdash;are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed.<br />
<br />
In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, &ldquo;An aspect of Indian agriculture&rdquo;, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture&rsquo;s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/AWOJfzdPGOL1kPNifewYcI/Opinion--Indian-agricultures-problem-of-scale.html">click here</a> to read more.
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Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed

The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India&rsquo;s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that...'
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Indian agriculture's problem of scale

-Livemint.com Loan waivers and electricity subsidies are band-aids at best; a deeper transformation is needed The past few days have neatly summed up the scale and nature of the challenges facing India’s agriculture sector. First, the provisional agriculture census 2015-16 showed that landholdings have continued their decades-long trend of fragmentation, leading to a further rise in the proportion of small and marginal farmers. Then, 30,000 farmers, who had started their march from Uttarakhand last month, reached the national capital on Tuesday, demanding various relief measures. As a real world demonstration of the challenges posed by farm fragmentation, it could not have been better timed. When the census, carried out every five years, started in 1970-71, it had reported that India had 71 million landholdings. These have more than doubled now to 146 million. Over 86% of cultivated farmland is held by small and marginal farmers who own less than two hectares, while only 0.57% farmers hold 10 hectares or more. Consequently, the average size of operational holdings has more than halved since the first census—from 2.28 hectares to 1.08 hectares. Farmers consigned to subsistence farming by this fragmentation—that is, the vast majority of them—are unable to generate enough surplus for the investment needed to improve productivity. This is widely accepted. But the policy approach to the problem depends on how the specifics are diagnosed. In his famous 1962 The Economic Weekly (later renamed to the Economic and Political Weekly) article, “An aspect of Indian agriculture”, Amartya Sen had argued that small farms have higher per-acre output. A number of economists in the 1960s and 1970s drew similar conclusions. Ramesh Chand, P.A. Lakshmi Prasanna and Aruna Singh had presented an intriguing update of this argument in 2011 in Farm size and productivity: Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Cobbling together data from the National Sample Survey Organisation, agriculture census and the Union ministry of agriculture’s input survey, they found that the inverse relationship between farm size and per-hectare agricultural productivity still holds. Please click here to read more.