Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

India currently blends...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

India currently blends...&#039;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

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                <strong>Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p><p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

India currently blends...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;

India currently blends..."/>
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                <strong>Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p><p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

India currently blends...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;-Down to Earth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot; title=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India is the world&amp;rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Uttar Pradesh, the &amp;#39;sugar bowl of India&amp;#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &amp;mdash; 32 per cent of the state&amp;#39;s total volume.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;India&amp;#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&amp;rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&amp;nbsp;

India currently blends...&#039;
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

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                <strong>Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti</strong></h1>
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                <p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p><p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti',
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		'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>
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Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;

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	'disp' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p><p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>',
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	'title' => 'Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti',
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	'description' => '<p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p>

<p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti'
$metaKeywords = 'Ethanol,Ethanol blending,Renewable energy,Non-renewable energy,Petrol,Petroleum import,Sugarcane cultivation,Groundwater depletion'
$metaDesc = '-Down to Earth

Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water

The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;

India currently blends...'
$disp = '<p style="text-align:justify">-Down to Earth</p><p style="text-align:justify"><em>Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water</em></p><p style="text-align:justify">The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country&rsquo;s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025.</p><p style="text-align:justify">E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India is the world&rsquo;s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Uttar Pradesh, the &#39;sugar bowl of India&#39;, has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day &mdash; 32 per cent of the state&#39;s total volume.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water.</p><p style="text-align:justify">India&#39;s environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l.</p><p style="text-align:justify">Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.&nbsp;</p><p style="text-align:justify">Please <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg" title="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/pollution/is-ethanol-blending-in-petrol-really-green--78018?fbclid=IwAR1u8CWv0g99M_FpJn4cdinfWotBlC7H-sCmuxreMW_Xu48--i9qMnGRSCg">click here</a> to read more.&nbsp;</p>'
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Is ethanol blending in petrol really green? -Jasleen Bhatti

-Down to Earth Aggressive sugarcane farming contaminates land, water The Union government intends to increase the amount of ethanol in the energy mix to lower the country’s dependence on imported oil and carbon footprint, as well as stabilise petrol prices.  India currently blends about 8.5 per cent ethanol in petrol. The government is targeting a 10 per cent ethanol blend by 2022 and a 20 per cent blend (E20) by 2025. E20 can save the country Rs 30,000 crore per year, according to estimates. Ethanol is made from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane processing. To reach the E20 goal, we will need to secure enough ethanol supplies.  India's E20 target can be met by increasing ethanol capacity from 684 crore litres to 1,000 crore litres. For this reason, sugar mills need to increase production capacity. Sugar mills and distilleries, however, are among the 18 most polluting industries in India, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Sugar mills rank third after pulp / paper and chemicals factories, based on wastewater generated. Sugarcane is a water-guzzling crop. It requires 1,500-2,500 millimetres of water evenly distributed over the growing season.  Water is used at every step of sugar processing: From growing sugarcane to releasing effluents from sugar mills. Groundwater is severely depleted by the process, with serious implications for human health, livelihoods and the ecology of local water bodies. India is the world’s second-largest producer of sugarcane. Nearly 50 per cent of the cane is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab.  Uttar Pradesh, the 'sugar bowl of India', has the highest output of the crop and has 155 sugar mills. Of them, around 56 major ones discharge up to 85.7 million litres of wastewater into the rivers every day — 32 per cent of the state's total volume.  Effluents from the mills increase the organic content in waterbodies, which are then decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms.  A lot of oxygen is needed for the decomposition, resulting in a reduction in the natural oxygen content of the waterbody. This phenomenon is measured by the biological oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria to dissolve organic matter in polluted water. India's environmental regulations state that industrial discharges in freshwater streams should not exceed 30 milligrams per litre (mg/l), while the limit for land disposal is 100 mg/l. Untreated effluents from sugar mills typically have 1,000-1,500 mg/l BOD, which can become black and pungent if left standing.  Please click here to read more.