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Is participatory irrigation management working? -Kriti Bardhan Gupta and Kushankur Dey

-The Hindu Business Line

A survey of Water Users’ Associations in Uttar Pradesh indicate that equitable distribution of water is still a distant reality

Water is an indispensable factor of production in agriculture. Participatory irrigation management (PIM), adhering to the rules and norms of community-based natural resource management, gained salience by receiving thrust in the National Water Policy 2002. The PIM Act aims to monitor the equitable distribution of water resources between beneficiary farmers through Water Users’ Associations (WUAs).

WUAs, as a user-based participatory group of farmers, are responsible for water distribution and conflict management. Some 84,779 WUAs are operational in several States, and the performance of WUAs is skewed across States. For example, the performance of the 802 WUAs in the Uttar Pradesh, one of the largest States contributing to agricultural production, appears to be dismal. In other words, a key question arises: How participatory is participatory irrigation management through WUAs in Uttar Pradesh?

Parameters like adequacy equity, utility, cropping intensity, productivity, sustainability, and farmers’ satisfaction were used to assess the performance of WUAs. Primary data from the seven irrigation divisions of Uttar Pradesh, where WUAs have been in existence since 2010–11, were collected. As many as 432 beneficiary farmers associated with older WUAs, and 36 non-beneficiaries related to the newer WUAs promoted in 2019–20 were part of the survey. Also, representatives of 52 WUAs (48 older and four contemporary) and officials of the irrigation department were approached to record their responses concerning the governance and management of WUAs. 

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