Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr6804f8d3f323b-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot; title=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Livemint.com, 28 August, 2018, https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot; title=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs..."/>
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                <strong>Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br /></em><br />Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF" title="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br /><br />We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br /><br />Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br /><br />Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br /><br />B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot; title=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 37287,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj&#039;,
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;
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The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

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                <strong>Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br /></em><br />Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF" title="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br /><br />We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br /><br />Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br /><br />Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br /><br />B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot; title=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Livemint.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&amp;rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&amp;rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (&lt;a href=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot; title=&quot;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&quot;&gt;goo.gl/Y5CLtF&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &amp;ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&amp;rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &amp;ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&amp;mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&amp;rdquo; (p. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&amp;rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 1: &amp;ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &amp;gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&amp;rdquo; (p. 2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D&amp;rsquo;s claim 2: &amp;ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&amp;rdquo; (p. 3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&amp;ldquo;change in employment&amp;rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&amp;rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&amp;rsquo;s credulity. It&amp;rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&amp;rsquo;s (CMIE&amp;rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&amp;rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &amp;ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;invention&amp;rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&amp;rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&amp;mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot; title=&quot;https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs..."/>
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                <strong>Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br /></em><br />Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF" title="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br /><br />We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br /><br />Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br /><br />Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br /><br />B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br />
</em><br />
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br />
<br />
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br />
<br />
B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br />
<br />
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br />
<br />
B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br />
<br />
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br />
<br />
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br /></em><br />Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF" title="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br /><br />We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br /><br />Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br /><br />Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br /><br />B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj',
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-Livemint.com<br />
<br />
<em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br />
</em><br />
Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br />
<br />
We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br />
<br />
B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br />
<br />
Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br />
<br />
B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br />
<br />
Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br />
<br />
B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
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-Livemint.com

The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment

Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Livemint.com<br /><br /><em>The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment<br /></em><br />Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das&rsquo; (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister&rsquo;s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (<a href="goo.gl/Y5CLtF" title="goo.gl/Y5CLtF">goo.gl/Y5CLtF</a>)&mdash;a welcome initiative. It claims: &ldquo;While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18&rdquo; (page 3), and concludes: &ldquo;For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million&mdash;a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12&rdquo; (p. 4).<br /><br />We seek to verify the truth behind B-D&rsquo;s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 1: &ldquo;In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group &gt;=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.&rdquo; (p. 2).<br /><br />Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation.<br /><br />B-D&rsquo;s claim 2: &ldquo;... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017&rdquo; (p. 3).<br /><br />Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (&ldquo;change in employment&rdquo; officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D&rsquo;s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one&rsquo;s credulity. It&rsquo;s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake!<br /><br />B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy&rsquo;s (CMIE&rsquo;s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE&rsquo;s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as &ldquo;dubious statistical analysis&rdquo;, and &ldquo;invention&rdquo;. Similarly, B-D&rsquo;s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous&mdash;the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. <br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html" title="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/YUAVT11h0flTmoK16Q9pvM/Opinion--Jobs-growth-claims-in-India-a-fact-check.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Jobs growth claims in India: a fact check -R Nagaraj

-Livemint.com The present government has incentivized employers to comply with the EPF law by making their contribution for three years to expand formal sector employment Surjit Bhalla and Tirtha Das’ (B-D, hereafter) background paper, titled All You Wanted To Know About Jobs In India, But Were Afraid To Ask, is now available on the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) website (goo.gl/Y5CLtF)—a welcome initiative. It claims: “While there are no official employment surveys post 2015...there are several individual pieces of data suggesting a healthy growth in employment in 2017/18” (page 3), and concludes: “For the 2013-2017 period (a span of 3.75 years) net job creation was 22.1 million—a pace considerably higher than the 11 million jobs created between 2004/5 and 2011/12” (p. 4). We seek to verify the truth behind B-D’s reported estimates and projections, using publicly available and up-to-date official statistics for the post-2011-12 years. B-D’s claim 1: “In this early 2014 survey, the estimated employment in India was 428 million for the age-group >=15 years...Our estimate for employment in 2017, according to principal status, is 449.8 million, a job gain of 12.8 million over the 2016 employment estimate of 437 million.” (p. 2). Absolute employment levels may go up, as the population and labour force are also growing. More realistic measures of employment status are (i) worker to population ratio (WPR), and (ii) unemployment rate (UR). Using the same data source, Figure 1 shows, between 2011-12 and 2015-16 (the latest data), WPR has gone down from 51 to 48, and UR has gone up from 3.8% to 5% (annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18). The trends hold good, separately for rural and urban areas, and for both genders. So, these economy-wide yardsticks clearly point to a worsening employment situation. B-D’s claim 2: “... quarterly surveys of employment, conducted for only labour-intensive industries, and covering less than 5% of the total workforce in the economy (establishments with more than 10 workers) are available. The last such survey was for October 2017 and it revealed that 3.85 lakh jobs were added between January and October 2017, or approximately 4.6 lakh jobs in 2017. This result, extended to the entire non-farm economy, yields the result that employment change was close to 8 million in 2017” (p. 3). Using the same data source, which is limited to just eight industries employing about 20 million organized sector workers, Figure 2 reports annual employment growth rate (“change in employment” officially) for 2009-2015; and, for April-December 2016, and Jan-June 2017 (p. 175-176, annual report, the ministry of labour and employment, 2017-18, 22 June 2018). Evidently, yearly employment generation has steadily fallen from 0.419 million workers in 2013 to 0.135 million workers in 2015. Given the secular decline, B-D’s projection of job creation in the non-farm economy in 2017 to be close to eight million seems to strain one’s credulity. It’s like an earthworm magically turning into a rattlesnake! B-D extensively analyse the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy’s (CMIE’s) employment data to demonstrate large-scale employment generation. But this is a redundant exercise as CMIE’s chief, Mahesh Vyas, has repeatedly dismissed the claims based on combining the (official and CMIE) irreconcilable databases as “dubious statistical analysis”, and “invention”. Similarly, B-D’s lengthy digression into female employment rate during 2000-17 is also superfluous—the fall in the female participation rate has little to do with the post-2014 policy regime. Please click here to read more.