Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 73,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'catslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 73,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'catslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
$message = 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
$stackFrame = (int) 1
$trace = [
	(int) 0 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ServerRequest.php',
		'line' => (int) 2421,
		'function' => 'deprecationWarning',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead.'
		]
	],
	(int) 1 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
		'line' => (int) 74,
		'function' => 'offsetGet',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
		]
	],
	(int) 2 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Controller/Controller.php',
		'line' => (int) 610,
		'function' => 'printArticle',
		'class' => 'App\Controller\ArtileDetailController',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 120,
		'function' => 'invokeAction',
		'class' => 'Cake\Controller\Controller',
		'object' => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php',
		'line' => (int) 94,
		'function' => '_invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(App\Controller\ArtileDetailController) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/BaseApplication.php',
		'line' => (int) 235,
		'function' => 'dispatch',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\BaseApplication',
		'object' => object(App\Application) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 162,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 88,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php',
		'line' => (int) 96,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 65,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware',
		'object' => object(Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Runner.php',
		'line' => (int) 51,
		'function' => '__invoke',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Http/Server.php',
		'line' => (int) 98,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Runner',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Runner) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => [
			(int) 0 => object(Cake\Http\MiddlewareQueue) {},
			(int) 1 => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {},
			(int) 2 => object(Cake\Http\Response) {}
		]
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/webroot/index.php',
		'line' => (int) 39,
		'function' => 'run',
		'class' => 'Cake\Http\Server',
		'object' => object(Cake\Http\Server) {},
		'type' => '->',
		'args' => []
	]
]
$frame = [
	'file' => '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php',
	'line' => (int) 74,
	'function' => 'offsetGet',
	'class' => 'Cake\Http\ServerRequest',
	'object' => object(Cake\Http\ServerRequest) {
		trustProxy => false
		[protected] params => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] data => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] query => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] cookies => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _environment => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] url => 'latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556/print'
		[protected] base => ''
		[protected] webroot => '/'
		[protected] here => '/latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556/print'
		[protected] trustedProxies => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] _input => null
		[protected] _detectors => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] _detectorCache => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] stream => object(Zend\Diactoros\PhpInputStream) {}
		[protected] uri => object(Zend\Diactoros\Uri) {}
		[protected] session => object(Cake\Http\Session) {}
		[protected] attributes => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] emulatedAttributes => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
		[protected] uploadedFiles => [[maximum depth reached]]
		[protected] protocol => null
		[protected] requestTarget => null
		[private] deprecatedProperties => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	},
	'type' => '->',
	'args' => [
		(int) 0 => 'artileslug'
	]
]
deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 30493
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Business Standard<br /><br /><em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br /></em><br />India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br /><br />A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br /><br />This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br /><br />According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br /><br />To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br /><br />With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html" title="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$maxBufferLength = (int) 8192
$file = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php'
$line = (int) 853
$message = 'Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853'
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148]
Code Context
            $response->getStatusCode(),

            ($reasonPhrase ? ' ' . $reasonPhrase : '')

        ));
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 30493
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Business Standard<br /><br /><em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br /></em><br />India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br /><br />A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br /><br />This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br /><br />According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br /><br />To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br /><br />With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html" title="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$reasonPhrase = 'OK'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

Warning (2): Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php:853) [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181]
Code Context
                    $value

                ), $first);

                $first = false;
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

	'status' => (int) 200,
	'contentType' => 'text/html',
	'headers' => [
		'Content-Type' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		]
	],
	'file' => null,
	'fileRange' => [],
	'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
	'cacheDirectives' => [],
	'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f0fca018255-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
</span></code></span>
<code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">meta&nbsp;http</span><span style="color: #007700">-</span><span style="color: #0000BB">equiv</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Content-Type"&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">content</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"text/html;&nbsp;charset=utf-8"</span><span style="color: #007700">/&gt;
</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f0fca018255-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
$dataForView = [
	&#039;article_current&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
		&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
		&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
		&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
		&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
		&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
		&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
		&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
		&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [[maximum depth reached]],
		&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;
	
	},
	&#039;articleid&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;metaKeywords&#039; =&gt; &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;,
	&#039;metaDesc&#039; =&gt; &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;English&#039;,
	&#039;SITE_URL&#039; =&gt; &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;,
	&#039;site_title&#039; =&gt; &#039;im4change&#039;,
	&#039;adminprix&#039; =&gt; &#039;admin&#039;
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 30493,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&#039;,
	&#039;article_img&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;article_img_thumb&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;status&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;show_on_home&#039; =&gt; (int) 1,
	&#039;lang&#039; =&gt; &#039;EN&#039;,
	&#039;category_id&#039; =&gt; (int) 16,
	&#039;tag_keyword&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;seo_url&#039; =&gt; &#039;lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556&#039;,
	&#039;meta_title&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_keywords&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;meta_description&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;noindex&#039; =&gt; (int) 0,
	&#039;publish_date&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	&#039;most_visit_section_id&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;article_big_img&#039; =&gt; null,
	&#039;liveid&#039; =&gt; (int) 4678556,
	&#039;created&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;modified&#039; =&gt; object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	&#039;edate&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;tags&#039; =&gt; [
		(int) 0 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 =&gt; object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	&#039;category&#039; =&gt; object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	&#039;[new]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[accessible]&#039; =&gt; [
		&#039;*&#039; =&gt; true,
		&#039;id&#039; =&gt; false
	],
	&#039;[dirty]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[original]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[virtual]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[hasErrors]&#039; =&gt; false,
	&#039;[errors]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[invalid]&#039; =&gt; [],
	&#039;[repository]&#039; =&gt; &#039;Articles&#039;

}
$articleid = (int) 30493
$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &amp;#039;suitable&amp;#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi&#039;
$metaKeywords = &#039;Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood&#039;
$metaDesc = &#039;
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Business Standard&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &amp;quot;jobs deficit&amp;quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &amp;quot;suitable job opportunities&amp;quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India&#039;s policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women&#039;s entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &amp;quot;income effect&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &amp;quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&amp;quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot; title=&quot;http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
$lang = &#039;English&#039;
$SITE_URL = &#039;https://im4change.in/&#039;
$site_title = &#039;im4change&#039;
$adminprix = &#039;admin&#039;</pre><pre class="stack-trace">include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556.html"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <link href="https://im4change.in/css/control.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          media="all"/>
    <title>LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi | Im4change.org</title>
    <meta name="description" content="
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally..."/>
    <script src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://im4change.in/js/jquery-migrate.min.js"></script>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

        $(document).ready(function () {
            var img = $("img")[0]; // Get my img elem
            var pic_real_width, pic_real_height;
            $("<img/>") // Make in memory copy of image to avoid css issues
                .attr("src", $(img).attr("src"))
                .load(function () {
                    pic_real_width = this.width;   // Note: $(this).width() will not
                    pic_real_height = this.height; // work for in memory images.
                });
        });
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        @media screen {
            div.divFooter {
                display: block;
            }
        }

        @media print {
            .printbutton {
                display: none !important;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="98%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td class="top_bg">
            <div class="divFooter">
                <img src="https://im4change.in/images/logo1.jpg" height="59" border="0"
                     alt="Resource centre on India's rural distress" style="padding-top:14px;"/>
            </div>

        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="topspace">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr id="topspace">
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000; padding-top:10px;" class="printbutton">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td width="100%">
            <h1 class="news_headlines" style="font-style:normal">
                <strong>Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi</strong></h1>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td width="100%" style="font-family:Arial, 'Segoe Script', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif, serif"><font size="3">
                <div align="justify">-Business Standard<br /><br /><em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br /></em><br />India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br /><br />A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br /><br />This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br /><br />According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br /><br />To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br /><br />With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html" title="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
        <td height="50" style="border-top:1px solid #000; border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-top:10px;">
            <form><input type="button" value=" Print this page "
                         onclick="window.print();return false;"/></form>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table></body>
</html>'

}
$cookies = []
$values = [
	(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 181
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 141
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 39

<head>

    <link rel="canonical" href="<?php echo Configure::read('SITE_URL'); ?><?php echo $urlPrefix;?><?php echo $article_current->category->slug; ?>/<?php echo $article_current->seo_url; ?>.html"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>

$viewFile = '/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'article_current' => object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

		'id' => (int) 30493,
		'title' => 'Lack of 'suitable' jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi',
		'subheading' => '',
		'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Business Standard<br />
<br />
<em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br />
</em><br />
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br />
<br />
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br />
<br />
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br />
<br />
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br />
<br />
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br />
<br />
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
		'credit_writer' => 'Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html',
		'article_img' => '',
		'article_img_thumb' => '',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
		'lang' => 'EN',
		'category_id' => (int) 16,
		'tag_keyword' => '',
		'seo_url' => 'lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556',
		'meta_title' => null,
		'meta_keywords' => null,
		'meta_description' => null,
		'noindex' => (int) 0,
		'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'most_visit_section_id' => null,
		'article_big_img' => null,
		'liveid' => (int) 4678556,
		'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'edate' => '',
		'tags' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[hasErrors]' => false,
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'Articles'
	
	},
	'articleid' => (int) 30493,
	'metaTitle' => 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi',
	'metaKeywords' => 'Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood',
	'metaDesc' => '
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Business Standard<br /><br /><em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br /></em><br />India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br /><br />A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br /><br />This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br /><br />According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br /><br />To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br /><br />With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html" title="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
	'lang' => 'English',
	'SITE_URL' => 'https://im4change.in/',
	'site_title' => 'im4change',
	'adminprix' => 'admin'
]
$article_current = object(App\Model\Entity\Article) {

	'id' => (int) 30493,
	'title' => 'Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi',
	'subheading' => '',
	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-Business Standard<br />
<br />
<em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br />
</em><br />
India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br />
<br />
A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br />
<br />
This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br />
<br />
According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br />
<br />
To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br />
<br />
With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br />
</div>',
	'credit_writer' => 'Business Standard, 9 February, 2016, http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html',
	'article_img' => '',
	'article_img_thumb' => '',
	'status' => (int) 1,
	'show_on_home' => (int) 1,
	'lang' => 'EN',
	'category_id' => (int) 16,
	'tag_keyword' => '',
	'seo_url' => 'lack-of-039suitable039-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-ishan-bakshi-4678556',
	'meta_title' => null,
	'meta_keywords' => null,
	'meta_description' => null,
	'noindex' => (int) 0,
	'publish_date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
	'most_visit_section_id' => null,
	'article_big_img' => null,
	'liveid' => (int) 4678556,
	'created' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
	'edate' => '',
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'category' => object(App\Model\Entity\Category) {},
	'[new]' => false,
	'[accessible]' => [
		'*' => true,
		'id' => false
	],
	'[dirty]' => [],
	'[original]' => [],
	'[virtual]' => [],
	'[hasErrors]' => false,
	'[errors]' => [],
	'[invalid]' => [],
	'[repository]' => 'Articles'

}
$articleid = (int) 30493
$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Lack of &#039;suitable&#039; jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi'
$metaKeywords = 'Women Workers,Female Workers,Female Workforce Participation Rate,Employment,Livelihood'
$metaDesc = '
-Business Standard

According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05

India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Business Standard<br /><br /><em>According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05<br /></em><br />India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home.<br /><br />A new paper by World Bank economists blames a &quot;jobs deficit&quot; for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of &quot;suitable job opportunities&quot; outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce.<br /><br />This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications.<br /><br />According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points.<br /><br />To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the &quot;income effect&quot;.<br /><br />With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, &quot;with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases.&quot; Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html" title="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lack-of-suitable-jobs-holding-back-women-employment-116020900020_1.html">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
$lang = 'English'
$SITE_URL = 'https://im4change.in/'
$site_title = 'im4change'
$adminprix = 'admin'

include - APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp, line 8
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1413
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1374
Cake\View\View::renderLayout() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 927
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51

Lack of 'suitable' jobs holding back women employment -Ishan Bakshi

-Business Standard According to NSSO, employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05 India ranks 120 among 131 countries on women labour participation, according to a report by International Labour Organization. Traditionally, this has been blamed on a culturally patriarchal society and rising family incomes that allow more women to stay at home. A new paper by World Bank economists blames a "jobs deficit" for the decline in female labour force participation over the past decade. The study says a scarcity of "suitable job opportunities" outside farming and close to the place of residence are the main reasons why fewer women have joined the workforce. This study has challenged the widely accepted narrative by India's policymakers and, if accepted, will have far-reaching ramifications. According to National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), employment surveys, women participation rates in India fell sharply after 2004-05. Between 2004-05 and 2010-11, women labour participation in rural areas fell 12-14 percentage points. To a large extent, this was because of a fall in agricultural employment. In the preceding five years (1999-00 to 2004-05), women participation had firmed up, increasing by roughly 14.6 million. Economists have argued this increase was in response to rural distress. Agricultural growth during these years had slowed to less than two per cent annually, putting pressure on farm incomes. This prompted women's entry into labour force, boosting household incomes. The situation reversed after 2004-05. The conventional explanation for reversal rests on the "income effect". With rural incomes steadily increasing because of a combination of rising commodity prices and government support, female labour force participation fell sharply. Santosh Mehrotra, professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University, says, "with the rise of commercial agriculture and of household income (and fall in poverty rate), the opportunity cost of domestic activities for women increases, while that for paid labour of women decreases." Hence, women withdrew from the labour force in large numbers, a preferred choice in what is predominantly a patriarchal society. Please click here to read more.