Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
$response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 9 November, 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/less-than-10-in-labour-force-60-in-booth-bihars-working-women/&#039;,
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	&#039;metaTitle&#039; =&gt; &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 9 November, 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/less-than-10-in-labour-force-60-in-booth-bihars-working-women/&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an..."/>
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                <strong>Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br /></em><br />Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br /><br />According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br /><br />This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br /><br />The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br /><br />Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br /><br />Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br /><br />Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br /><br />How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br /><br />Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br /><br />In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br /><br />&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br /><br />Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br /><br />Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 9 November, 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/less-than-10-in-labour-force-60-in-booth-bihars-working-women/&#039;,
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$metaTitle = &#039;LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an..."/>
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                <strong>Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br /></em><br />Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br /><br />According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br /><br />This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br /><br />The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br /><br />Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br /><br />Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br /><br />Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br /><br />How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br /><br />Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br /><br />In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br /><br />&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br /><br />Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br /><br />Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67eee6b4a5ff0-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 9 November, 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/less-than-10-in-labour-force-60-in-booth-bihars-working-women/&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;id&#039; =&gt; (int) 29699,
	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran&#039;,
	&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 9 November, 2015, http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/less-than-10-in-labour-force-60-in-booth-bihars-working-women/&#039;,
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Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&amp;rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&amp;rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&amp;rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;591&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;However, the National Sample Survey Office&amp;rsquo;s last &amp;lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&amp;rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&amp;nbsp; goods and services.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&amp;agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bihar&amp;rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&amp;rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &amp;ldquo;political rights&amp;rdquo;, unlike &amp;ldquo;economic rights&amp;rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&amp;rdquo; said Agarwal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &amp;mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &amp;mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&amp;rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &amp;mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&amp;rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&amp;rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an..."/>
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                <strong>Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br /></em><br />Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br /><br />According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br /><br />This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br /><br />The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br /><br />Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br /><br />Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br /><br />Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br /><br />How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br /><br />Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br /><br />In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br /><br />&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br /><br />Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br /><br />Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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		'title' => 'Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br />
</em><br />
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br />
<br />
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br />
<br />
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br />
<br />
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br />
<br />
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br />
<br />
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br />
<br />
Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br />
<br />
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br />
<br />
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br />
<br />
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br />
<br />
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br />
<br />
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br />
<br />
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br /></em><br />Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br /><br />According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br /><br />This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br /><br />The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br /><br />Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br /><br />Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br /><br />Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br /><br />How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br /><br />Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br /><br />In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br /><br />&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br /><br />Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br /><br />Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br /><br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran',
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	'description' => '<div align="justify">
-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br />
</em><br />
Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br />
<br />
According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
&nbsp;
</div>
<div align="justify">
<img src="tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br />
</div>
<div align="justify">
However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br />
<br />
This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br />
<br />
The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br />
<br />
Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br />
<br />
Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br />
<br />
Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br />
<br />
How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br />
<br />
Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br />
<br />
In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br />
<br />
&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br />
<br />
Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br />
<br />
Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br />
<br />
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran'
$metaKeywords = 'labour force,labour force participation,Employment,Gender Equality,Bihar Election,Election,Voting'
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-The Indian Express

Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. 

Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. <br /></em><br />Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar&rsquo;s history. And this, despite the state&rsquo;s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation.<br /><br />According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state&rsquo;s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.<br /></div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><img src="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Bihar women.jpg" alt="" width="591" height="298" /> <br /></div><div align="justify">However, the National Sample Survey Office&rsquo;s last &lsquo;Employment and Unemployment in India&rsquo; survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar&rsquo;s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of&nbsp; goods and services.<br /><br />This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar.<br /><br />The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-&agrave;-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar.<br /><br />Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state.<br /><br />Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy.<br /><br />Bihar&rsquo;s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan&rsquo;s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points.<br /><br />How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts?<br /><br />Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that &ldquo;political rights&rdquo;, unlike &ldquo;economic rights&rdquo;, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women.<br /><br />In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system.<br /><br />&ldquo;Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,&rdquo; said Agarwal.<br /><br />Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points &mdash; more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again &mdash; aided by the Nitish Kumar government&rsquo;s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls &mdash; would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts.<br /><br />Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar&rsquo;s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar&rsquo;s women would increasingly demand.<br /><br /></div>'
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Less than 10% in labour force, 60% in booth: Bihar’s working women -Harish Damodaran

-The Indian Express Bihar’s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan’s 52.66 per cent. Did women help win this election for the Nitish Kumar-led Grand Alliance? While that awaits an analysis, the fact is more women cast their votes in this assembly election than ever before in Bihar’s history. And this, despite the state’s dismal record when it comes to the economic empowerment of women, particularly in labour workforce participation. According to Election Commission data, 60.57 per cent of the state’s female electors voted this time, as against only 53.41 per cent for males. Even in the 2010 polls, the female voter turnout percentage (54.49) was more than that of males (51.12), though not by as much.   However, the National Sample Survey Office’s last ‘Employment and Unemployment in India’ survey for 2011-12 shows only 9 per cent of Bihar’s women in the 15-59 years age group participating in economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of  goods and services. This is the lowest for any state and also way below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in Bihar. The same disparity is visible in the proportion of working-age women in Bihar who are actually employed (8.4 per cent), vis-à-vis the corresponding figures for women in other states and also for men in Bihar. Even among those employed, there is a higher ratio of women in Bihar engaged in casual labour (as opposed to regular wage/salaried work or self-employment) and agricultural activity than the corresponding national average or the numbers for men in the state. Connected with economic empowerment is also literacy. Bihar’s female literacy rate, at 53.33 per cent as per the 2011 Census, is the second lowest after Rajasthan’s 52.66 per cent. The male-female literacy rate gap (20.06 percentage points) for the state is also above the national average of 16.68 percentage points. How do these obvious indicators of lack of economic empowerment square up to high levels of political consciousness manifested in voter turnouts? Bina Agarwal, a development economist and former director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi University, believes that “political rights”, unlike “economic rights”, has a long history of recognition in India, extending even to women. In Bihar, this process received added impetus through reservation for women in panchayat bodies. The state under Nitish Kumar in 2006 was, in fact, the first to provide 50 per cent quota for women in all tiers of the panchayati raj system. “Suddenly, you had women mukhiyas and pradhans assuming leadership roles. They may have been voting earlier in state or national elections. But now suddenly, they saw they could be netas in their own village,” said Agarwal. Besides, between 2001 and 2011, female literacy rates in Bihar rose over 20 percentage points — more than the increase for all-India or even males in the state. This again — aided by the Nitish Kumar government’s free bicycle scheme for school-going girls — would have gone some way in raising political consciousness. Nitish Kumar’s latest victory may owe no less to these young beneficiaries, who would have turned voters themselves, if not a major influence on their mothers, sisters and aunts. Yet, being able to exercise political agency is one thing. Nitish Kumar’s major challenge is going to be delivering economic rights that Bihar’s women would increasingly demand.