Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
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</span></span></code>
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi&#039;,
		&#039;subheading&#039; =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the..."/>
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                <strong>Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br /></em><br />In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br /><br />That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br /><br />First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br /><br />In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br /><br />For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br /><br />There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br /><br />And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br /><br />Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br /><br />Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the..."/>
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                <strong>Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br /></em><br />In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br /><br />That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br /><br />First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br /><br />In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br /><br />For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br /><br />There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br /><br />And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br /><br />Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br /><br />Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot; title=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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	&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi&#039;,
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-Hindustan Times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&amp;ldquo;net assets&amp;rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&amp;rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&amp;rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...&#039;
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the..."/>
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                <strong>Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br /></em><br />In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br /><br />That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br /><br />First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br /><br />In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br /><br />For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br /><br />There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br /><br />And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br /><br />Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br /><br />Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.</div>               </font>
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br />
</em><br />
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br />
<br />
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br />
<br />
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br />
<br />
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br />
<br />
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br />
<br />
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br />
<br />
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br />
<br />
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br />
<br />
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br /></em><br />In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br /><br />That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br /><br />First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br /><br />In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br /><br />For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br /><br />There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br /><br />And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br /><br />Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br /><br />Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.</div>',
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	'title' => 'Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi',
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-Hindustan Times<br />
<br />
<em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br />
</em><br />
In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br />
<br />
That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br />
<br />
First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br />
<br />
In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br />
<br />
For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br />
<br />
There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br />
<br />
And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br />
<br />
Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br />
<br />
Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.
</div>',
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-Hindustan Times

The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.

In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Hindustan Times<br /><br /><em>The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set.<br /></em><br />In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (&ldquo;net assets&rdquo; are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant).<br /><br />That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data&rsquo;s (TCPD) own candidates&rsquo; data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons.<br /><br />First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated.<br /><br />In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses.<br /><br />For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue.<br /><br />There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets.<br /><br />And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data.<br /><br />Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates.<br /><br />Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM" title="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-what-assets-occupations-of-political-hopefuls-tell-us/story-o1AQdzStG56loO2f3ZBuDL.htmlPriyamvada?fbclid=IwAR2wH5SNUx0W_nGvul0yMi7-6Hmb3ZjUS-pVqV8FJh7SS4IgMEOe9ycZluM">click here</a> to read more.</div>'
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Lok Sabha elections 2019: What assets, occupations of political hopefuls tell us - Gilles Verniers and Priyamvada Trivedi

-Hindustan Times The data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data’s (TCPD) own candidates’ data set. In this piece, we look at variation in reported wealth between the 2019 candidates of the two national parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress, breaking it down by declared occupation. To do that, we cross the occupation and net assets data contained in the affidavits that each candidate must fill when they file their nomination (“net assets” are a measure of the difference between the declared assets and declared liabilities of every contestant). That data is extracted by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and merged with Trivedi Centre for Political Data’s (TCPD) own candidates’ data set. It is important to note that both these variables, assets and occupation, are self-reported and as such fairly unreliable, for at least five reasons. First, the socio-professional categories that the candidates report are too broad and undifferentiated. In particular, the categories of agriculturists, business or social workers are virtually meaningless in and of themselves, unless they are cross tabulated with assets, landholding size or other economic variables. Second, many candidates declare more than one profession, which blurs socio-professional categories and poses issues for classification and further analyses. For example, there are social workers whose spouse run local petrol pump empires. Third, declared professions often conceal actual sources of revenue. There are lawyers who also own factories and so on. Fourth, there are candidates involved in illegal or undeclared activities, which by definition are not captured by both the indicators of occupation and assets. And lastly not all candidates declare their occupation. There are holes in the data. Keeping these caveats in mind, and for this article, we have consolidated self-declared professions around six large categories that cover over 80% of all candidates. Candidates with multiple declared occupations have been sorted into one category, which we think predominates. Please click here to read more.