Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 1 January, 2019, https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&#039;,
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;....&#039;
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;...."/>
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                <strong>Mainstreaming victims of crimes -GS Bajpai</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br /></em><br />In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br /><br />The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br /><br /><em>Marginalised during trial<br /></em><br />The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br /><br />The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br /><br />A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 1 January, 2019, https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&#039;,
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;....&#039;
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;...."/>
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                <strong>Mainstreaming victims of crimes -GS Bajpai</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br /></em><br />In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br /><br />The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br /><br /><em>Marginalised during trial<br /></em><br />The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br /><br />The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br /><br />A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

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In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;....&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &amp;ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&amp;rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &amp;lsquo;Secondary victimisation&amp;rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Marginalised during trial&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &amp;mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &amp;mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;...."/>
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                <strong>Mainstreaming victims of crimes -GS Bajpai</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br /></em><br />In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br /><br />The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br /><br /><em>Marginalised during trial<br /></em><br />The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br /><br />The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br /><br />A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br />
</em><br />
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br />
<br />
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br />
<br />
<em>Marginalised during trial<br />
</em><br />
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br />
<br />
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br />
<br />
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

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-The Hindu<br />
<br />
<em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br />
</em><br />
In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br />
<br />
The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br />
<br />
<em>Marginalised during trial<br />
</em><br />
The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br />
<br />
The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br />
<br />
A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory

In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;....'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><br /><em>It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory<br /></em><br />In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement &ldquo;so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict&rdquo;. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes.<br /><br />The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. &lsquo;Secondary victimisation&rsquo; takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial.<br /><br /><em>Marginalised during trial<br /></em><br />The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation.<br /><br />The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage.<br /><br />A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime &mdash; lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution &mdash; can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true" title="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/mainstreaming-victims-of-crimes/article25874475.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Mainstreaming victims of crimes -GS Bajpai

-The Hindu It is time to make victim impact statements mandatory In Mallikarjun Kodagil (Dead) v. State of Karnataka (2018), the Supreme Court stressed the need to have a victim impact statement “so that an appropriate punishment is awarded to the convict”. This throws up many issues that are of interest to the victims of crimes. The term victim came to be defined in criminal law only in 2009 in India. The victim of a crime is never heard as a victim during the trial of a case, but as a witness. As the victim is represented by a prosecutor, her concerns as well as the impact of her victimisation remain unexpressed. By and large, the police, prosecutors and courts do not have any substantive legal obligation towards crime victims. Indifference to crime victims remains deep-rooted in the accused-centric criminal justice system. ‘Secondary victimisation’ takes place when the agencies of the criminal justice system treat victims of crime unfavourably, or marginalise them during the trial. Marginalised during trial The trial process is organised in such a manner that the personal appearance of the victim at all the crucial stages is restricted. The victim is not present when charges are framed against the accused, when the accused is discharged, when bail is granted, when parole is considered, and when punishment or compensation is decided. On the other hand, the accused is always required to be present during all these stages. Crimes are registered in the form of sections of the Indian Penal Code (in numbers) which do not mean anything to the victims of crime in terms of their impact. Crimes do not impact all victims in the same manner. There is no way to assess the impact suffered by a victim. And whatever little is tried in this direction is always through a third party, such as a prosecutor or judge, who is invariably incapable of registering the aftermath of victimisation. The UN 1985 Declaration of Basis Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power effectuated a movement for victim empowerment. That led to significant reforms in the criminal process. It enabled victims to have rights and reasonable protections, and assistance and participation in the system. It also made a powerful plea to provide a voice to the victims of crime during the trial stage. A victim impact statement is an answer to most of these concerns. It has the potential to alter the course of things for victims of crime in India. Victim impact statements are written or oral statements by crime victims, about how the crime has impacted them. Often, the family members and friends of victims also make written and verbal statements. Victim impact statements could provide information about the damage caused to victims by the crime, which is information that would otherwise not be available to the courts. Details of the financial impact of the crime — lost wages, medical or counselling expenses, transportation costs and damage to property, including a request for compensation or restitution — can also be included. Generally a victim is assisted to submit a detailed form, which is standardised for this purpose, through a prosecutor. Please click here to read more.