Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around..."/>
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                <strong>Mechanical solutions -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br /></em><br />There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br /><br />The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br /><br />The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br /><br />It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br /><br />According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

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The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around..."/>
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                <strong>Mechanical solutions -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br /></em><br />There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br /><br />The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br /><br />The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br /><br />It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br /><br />According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Indian Express&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &amp;mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&amp;rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &amp;ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&amp;rdquo; he asks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot; title=&quot;https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around..."/>
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                <strong>Mechanical solutions -Harish Damodaran</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br /></em><br />There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br /><br />The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br /><br />The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br /><br />It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br /><br />According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br />
</em><br />
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br />
<br />
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br />
<br />
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br />
<br />
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br />
<br />
According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br /></em><br />There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br /><br />The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br /><br />The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br /><br />It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br /><br />According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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-The Indian Express<br />
<br />
<em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br />
</em><br />
There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br />
<br />
The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br />
<br />
The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br />
<br />
It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br />
<br />
According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | Mechanical solutions -Harish Damodaran'
$metaKeywords = 'Rotavator,Straw Management System (SMS),happy seeder,Happy Seeder Machines,Farm Equipments,Farm mechanization,Tractors'
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-The Indian Express

Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.

There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.

The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Indian Express<br /><br /><em>Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive.<br /></em><br />There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India.<br /><br />The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively.<br /><br />The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor &mdash; the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours.<br /><br />It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh.<br /><br />According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana&rsquo;s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. &ldquo;If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?&rdquo; he asks.<br /><br />Please <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/" title="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/farming-india-farm-machinery-agriculture-5428058/">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Mechanical solutions -Harish Damodaran

-The Indian Express Forcing machinery on farmers without giving a thought to the economics of their utilisation can prove counter-productive. There are three main impediments to farm mechanisation in India. The first is cost, which, for a standard 50-horsepower tractor, today averages around Rs 6.5-6.8 lakh. But a tractor is just a source of power and traction, and only as good as the farm implements it can pull. The most basic tractor-drawn tiller/cultivator used in seedbed preparation before sowing costs Rs 18,000-30,000, rising to Rs 50,000-60,000 for disc plough (which does the primary opening and loosening of the soil) and Rs 60,000-75,000 for harrow (used for secondary tillage). If the farmer invests in more heavy-duty equipment such as rotary tiller (also called rotavator), reversible plough (for deep tillage) and baler (which compresses hay/straw into compact easier-to-handle bundles), the costs would go up further, to Rs 1-1.2 lakh, Rs 1.4-1.6 lakh and Rs 2.75 lakh, respectively. The second major constraint is the small size of holdings, which, in turn, makes mechanisation still more unaffordable for the average Indian farmer. Linked to the first two is a third factor — the number of hours of machinery use. If that is low, there is little economic sense for any farmer to own a tractor and matching implements. The recommended norm for usage of tractors, allowing recovery of the fixed investment cost, is 1,000 hours annually, which could include 600 hours for agricultural operations (assuming 10 hours daily for two cropping seasons over 60 days) and 400 hours for non-farm purposes. As against this, the actual average figure in India is hardly 750-800 hours. It is worse in machinery such as Happy Seeder that the government is now pushing to prevent farmers from burning left-over stubble and loose straw resulting from combine harvesting of paddy. This tractor-driven device, which enables farmers to sow wheat even on fields containing standing stubble, costs roughly Rs 1.65 lakh. According to Pritam Singh Hanjra, a farmer from Urlana Khurd village in Madlauda tehsil of Haryana’s Panipat district, a Happy Seeder takes just over an hour to plant an acre of wheat. “If I own 10 acres of land, it will be used for 10-11 hours in a year. Why would I invest Rs 1.65 lakh in a machine that is going to lie idle for much of the year?” he asks. Please click here to read more.