Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-Economic and Political Weekly
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There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.&lt;/em&gt;
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Please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Tiwari&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to download the article.
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-Economic and Political Weekly



There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the..."/>
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                <strong>Metro Rail and the City: Derailing Public Transport -Geetam Tiwari</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><p align="justify"><br />There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.</p><p align="justify"><em>Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.</em></p><p align="justify">Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari">click here</a> to download the article.</p>               </font>
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-Economic and Political Weekly
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&lt;br /&gt;
There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.
&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;em&gt;Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Tiwari&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to download the article.
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&lt;em&gt;Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.&lt;/em&gt;
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Please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Tiwari&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to download the article.
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Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 885
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 791
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 126
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51</pre></div></pre>latest-news-updates/metro-rail-and-the-city-derailing-public-transport-geetam-tiwari-23452.html"/>
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-Economic and Political Weekly



There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the..."/>
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                <strong>Metro Rail and the City: Derailing Public Transport -Geetam Tiwari</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><p align="justify"><br />There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.</p><p align="justify"><em>Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.</em></p><p align="justify">Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari">click here</a> to download the article.</p>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr680f6383a3eab-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr680f6383a3eab-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr680f6383a3eab-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-Economic and Political Weekly
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There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.
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&lt;em&gt;Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.&lt;/em&gt;
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Please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Tiwari&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to download the article.
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Please &lt;a href=&quot;tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf&quot; title=&quot;Tiwari&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to download the article.
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There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the..."/>
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                <strong>Metro Rail and the City: Derailing Public Transport -Geetam Tiwari</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><p align="justify"><br />There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.</p><p align="justify"><em>Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.</em></p><p align="justify">Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari">click here</a> to download the article.</p>               </font>
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	'title' => 'Metro Rail and the City: Derailing Public Transport -Geetam Tiwari',
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-Economic and Political Weekly
</div>
<p align="justify">
<br />
There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.
</p>
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<em>Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.</em>
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Please <a href="tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari">click here</a> to download the article.
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	'credit_writer' => 'Economic and Political Weekly, Vol-XLVIII, No. 48, November 30, 2013, http://www.epw.in/review-urban-affairs/metro-rail-and-city.html',
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-Economic and Political Weekly



There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-Economic and Political Weekly</div><p align="justify"><br />There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits.</p><p align="justify"><em>Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.</em></p><p align="justify">Please <a href="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari" title="https://im4change.in/siteadmin/tinymce/uploaded/Metro_Rail_and_the_City.pdf" title="Tiwari">click here</a> to download the article.</p>'
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Metro Rail and the City: Derailing Public Transport -Geetam Tiwari

-Economic and Political Weekly There is overwhelming evidence to show that capital-intensive metro rail systems serve only a small proportion of the total trips in cities in developing countries such as India. Public-private partnerships have not been very successful, and the Delhi Metro, which is considered to be the most successful project despite falling far short of its projected number of users, enjoys numerous tax benefits not offered to the bus system, which carries at least five times more trips. Metro projects around the country are planned and implemented in isolation without any concern for feeder trips and other modes of transport. In short, the current regime seems to be biased towards the magnitude of capital required for construction of a metro system, rather than the magnitude of its benefits. Geetam Tiwari (geetamt@gmail.com) teaches at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Please click here to download the article.