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MGNREGS proves a boon for Wayanad tribes by C Gouridasan Nair


The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has proved to be a boon for the tribal population in Wayanad district. It is the largest and the most successful livelihood programme under way in the tribes-dominated district.

Women account for 775 of the person days of employment generated by the scheme, each of them earning Rs.125 as daily wage. The impact of the scheme on social structures has been significant, says the Human Development Report for the district prepared by the State Planning Board as part of an initiative of the United Nations Development Programme and the Planning Commission to strengthen State Plans for human development.

One-third of the State's Scheduled Tribe population lives in Wayanad.

The Planning Board study shows that the human development indicators for the district are lower than those of other districts.

This indicates that the disparity between different social and occupational groups is widening in the State. The livelihood options available to forward and backward communities among the tribal population also show significant differences.

While the overall majority of the tribes depend on agriculture, the range of employment opportunities available to the forward communities is greater. Land distribution in the district is highly skewed.

Three out of every four holdings are less than one hectare in area. Ninety per cent of the indigenous people in the district are landless labourers.

For close to 15 per cent of them, the MGNREGS is the main source of income. This, in turn, raises questions about the sustainability of traditional livelihood options.

Various approaches to measure poverty have yielded different estimates of poverty among the tribes, but the overall poverty and vulnerability indicators suggest that half the households in Wayanad are poor, the study says.