Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. 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&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Statesman

The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. 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For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. 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                <strong>Mitigating toxicity -Tapan Kumar Maitra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Statesman<br /><br />The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br /><br />The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br /><br />For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br /><br />The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br /><br />The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br /><br />When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br /><br />Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. 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-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
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These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. 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                <strong>Mitigating toxicity -Tapan Kumar Maitra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Statesman<br /><br />The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br /><br />The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br /><br />For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br /><br />The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br /><br />The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br /><br />When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br /><br />Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Statesman

The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. 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-The Statesman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &amp;ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&amp;rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&amp;nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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-The Statesman

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                <strong>Mitigating toxicity -Tapan Kumar Maitra</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Statesman<br /><br />The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br /><br />The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br /><br />For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br /><br />The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br /><br />The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br /><br />When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br /><br />Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br /><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Statesman<br />
<br />
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br />
<br />
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br />
<br />
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br />
<br />
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br />
<br />
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br />
<br />
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br />
<br />
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br />
<br />
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-The Statesman

The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Statesman<br /><br />The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br /><br />The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br /><br />For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br /><br />The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br /><br />The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br /><br />When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br /><br />Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br /><br /></div>',
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-The Statesman<br />
<br />
The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br />
<br />
The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br />
<br />
For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br />
<br />
The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br />
<br />
The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br />
<br />
When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br />
<br />
Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br />
<br />
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-The Statesman

The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Statesman<br /><br />The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved &ldquo;List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture&rdquo; is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances.<br /><br />The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited.<br /><br />For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass.<br /><br />The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and&nbsp; fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products.<br /><br />The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months.<br /><br />When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks.<br /><br />Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.<br /><br /></div>'
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Mitigating toxicity -Tapan Kumar Maitra

-The Statesman The toxicity of pesticides to humans, their ability to remain in the environment and accumulate in products require the establishment of strict scientifically substantiated regulations for their safe application. In India, the rules for using pesticides are worked out together by the Union ministries for agriculture and health. Every year, an approved “List of Chemical and Biological Means for Controlling Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds Allowed to be used in Agriculture” is jointly issued by the ministries. Consequently, when employing pesticides, it is necessary to adhere to the list approved for the current year and also abide by the instructions on the application of the pesticides compiled in strict conformity with the requirements adopted for the relevant substances. The recommended rates of usage must be observed strictly. Excessive use of a particular pesticide may lead to its large accumulation in the environment and in the products obtained. To protect the health of the population and prevent the circulation of pesticides in nature, sanitary norms have been established for the maximum tolerated concentrations of pesticides in the air of the working zone, water of open basins and in the soil. Of special significance is control of the amount of pesticides in the soil because it constitutes the source of contamination of food products, water basins and air. The content in the soil is controlled in the spring before field work starts. When the topsoil contains persistent pesticides (carbaryl, HCH, polychloropinene, toxaphene) in amounts exceeding the maximum tolerated levels, only grain and technical crops may be grown and surface treatment with these pesticides is prohibited. For the sanitary control of pesticide residues in products, standard values of the tolerance levels in various food products and fodder are determined for each substance. These indices are coordinated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation and the World Health Organisation. The values of the maximum tolerated residual amounts (tolerance levels) are established from the results of tests after studying the toxicity of a pesticide to animals and from the determination of the dynamics of the residues in the relevant culture. Cultures differ substantially in their ability to accumulate pesticides. For example, with a toxaphene content in the soil of 10 mg/kg, plants absorbed from two to 46 mg of the pesticide per kilogram of their mass. The smallest values of the tolerance levels are established for dietetic food products (milk, eggs, meat) and somewhat higher ones for vegetables and  fruit. For example, in India the tolerance level of HCH (a mixture of hexachl-orocyclohexane isomers) in meat, eggs, milk, dairy products and sugar must never exceed 0.005 mg/kg, in cereal crops 0.2 mg/kg, and in potatoes and vegetables 0.5 mg/kg. No residues of heptachlor, carbaryl, 2, 4-D, mercury compounds, polychloropinene, parathion-methyl, thiram, etc, are tolerated in any food products. The magnitudes of the tolerance levels vary with progress in investigations of the toxicity of pesticides and their influence on the environment. These levels are used to establish the harvest time (the time that must elapse after the last treatment with a pesticide before a crop may be harvested). All pesticides applied to plants or incorporated into the soil not later than harvest time remain in amounts not exceeding the tolerance levels or completely decompose. It is determined by the persistence of the substance and also by its toxicological and sanitary properties. For rapidly detoxicating substances, harvest time is two to 20 days, and for more toxic ones a couple of months. When persistent pesticides have to be used, nevertheless, within shorter periods or on crops in which they may accumulate, regulations for using the products obtained are established. To prevent the possible poisoning of workers in fields treated with pesticides, the periods when work is permitted (re-entry times) and the conditions of work are regulated. For example, after the use of persistent pesticides such as HCH, work not associated with soil cultivation may be performed after six days, while work associated with cultivation of the soil may be performed only after two weeks. Another important condition for ensuring the safety of workers and protection of the environment from contamination with pesticides is the strict observance of the safety rules in the storage, transportation, and use of toxicants in agriculture released by the Union ministry for agriculture and approved by the Union ministry for health. Strict observance of the standards and rules adopted for controlling pesticide use will ensure reliable prophylaxis of poisoning and effective protection of the environment.