Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f064e48285a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
<span class="code-highlight"><code><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;link&nbsp;rel="canonical"&nbsp;href="<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Configure</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">read</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'SITE_URL'</span><span style="color: #007700">);&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$urlPrefix</span><span style="color: #007700">;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">category</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">slug</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>/<span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #007700">echo&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$article_current</span><span style="color: #007700">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">seo_url</span><span style="color: #007700">;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span>.html"/&gt;
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</span></span></code></pre><pre id="cakeErr67f064e48285a-context" class="cake-context" style="display: none;">$viewFile = &#039;/home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp&#039;
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		&#039;title&#039; =&gt; &#039;More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work&#039;,
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		&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 24 February, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/More-bang-for-the-buck-from-Non-NREGA-work/754088/&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 24 February, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/More-bang-for-the-buck-from-Non-NREGA-work/754088/&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister..."/>
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                <strong>More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br /><br />According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br /><br />In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br /><br />Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br /><br />Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br /><br />A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br /><br />Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br /><br />If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br /><br />Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br /><br />The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.</div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f064e48285a-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f064e48285a-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f064e48285a-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 24 February, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/More-bang-for-the-buck-from-Non-NREGA-work/754088/&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 24 February, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/More-bang-for-the-buck-from-Non-NREGA-work/754088/&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;
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                <strong>More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br /><br />According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br /><br />In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br /><br />Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br /><br />Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br /><br />A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br /><br />Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br /><br />If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br /><br />Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br /><br />The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.</div>               </font>
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Indian Express, 24 February, 2011, http://www.indianexpress.com/news/More-bang-for-the-buck-from-Non-NREGA-work/754088/&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&amp;rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &amp;mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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                <strong>More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br /><br />According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br /><br />In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br /><br />Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br /><br />Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br /><br />A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br /><br />Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br /><br />If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br /><br />Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br /><br />The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.</div>               </font>
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br />
<br />
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br />
<br />
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br />
<br />
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br />
<br />
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br />
<br />
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br />
<br />
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br />
<br />
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br />
<br />
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br />
<br />
According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br />
<br />
In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br />
<br />
Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br />
<br />
Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br />
<br />
A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br />
<br />
Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br />
<br />
If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br />
<br />
Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br />
<br />
The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.
</div>',
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$metaTitle = 'LATEST NEWS UPDATES | More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work'
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Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check.<br /><br />According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works.<br /><br />In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that&rsquo;s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. <br /><br />Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages.<br /><br />Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure.<br /><br />A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. <br /><br />Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude.<br /><br />If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent.<br /><br />Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. <br /><br />The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash &mdash; in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.</div>'
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More bang for the buck from Non-NREGA work

Public employment created by non-NREGA public works may just be giving more bang for the buck than NREGA, around a fourth more going by the findings of the NSS survey on employment in 2007-08. In which case, the finance minister would do well to keep the spending for NREGA under check. According to the NSS 2007-08, a total of 477 million mandays of work were created under non-NREGA public works and a total of 492 million under NREGA public works. This is the first time the NSS ever made a distinction between NREGA and non-NREGA public works. In 2007-08, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore on NREGA and created, according to the NSS, a total of 492 million mandays of employment. At the average wage of Rs 77.85 reported by the NSS, that’s a total wage bill of Rs 3,833 crore. Yet, going by the NREGA norm of a 70 per cent wage component, the government should have given out Rs 7,560 crore as wages. So, the net effectiveness of the programme was just above 50 per cent. Looked at another way, the effectiveness was about a third, since the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to deliver Rs 3,833 crore of wages. Compare this with the non-NREGA public works expenditure. A total of Rs 16,538 crore was made in 2007-08 for non-NREGA public works. Since wage components are not stipulated for all of them, we have made some assumptions. The wage component of all projects has been taken to be 60 per cent, except in the case of rural housing and rural roads where it has been taken to be 20 per cent. In which case, the wage component of the budget allocation was Rs 5,540 crore. Compare this with the Rs 3,546 crore that the workers should have got, and the effectiveness is around 64 per cent. Since the NSS does not make a distinction between Central-government sponsored public works and state-government sponsored public works, we have assumed all non-NREGA works are Centrally sponsored. Once you factor this in, it may change the efficiency levels, but not enough to change the order of magnitude. If you assume that the expenditure has not resulted in any significant asset creation, the effectiveness of expenditure drops dramatically -- Rs 16,538 crore was spent to deliver Rs 3,546 crore of wages, or an effectiveness of 21 per cent. Interestingly, 56 per cent of the beneficiaries of the non-NREGA public works were poor (according to the new official Tendulkar poverty line which is some 20-25 percent higher than the old Indian poverty line) versus 52 per cent in the case of NREGA works. The data also show, and this is the good news, that the effectiveness of government programmes has risen, from an efficiency level of 35 per cent in 1993 to 51 per cent in the case of non-NREGA programmes. The larger point remains, that it is far more efficient to transfer cash — in the case of NREGA, the government spent Rs 10,800 crore to transfer Rs 3,833 crore to workers in 2007-08.