Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

                trigger_error($message, E_USER_WARNING);

            } else {
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr68038c84031f7-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr68038c84031f7-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr68038c84031f7-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
</span></span></code>
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-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. 
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MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot; title=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Times of India, 25 July, 2016, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&#039;,
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MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of..."/>
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                <strong>New entrants in India&#039;s middle class: Drivers, carpenters, pani puri vendors -Hemali Chhapia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India<br /><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br /><br />A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br /><br />&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br /><br />Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br /><br />A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br /><br />&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br /><br />The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;,
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-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. 
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of..."/>
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                <strong>New entrants in India&#039;s middle class: Drivers, carpenters, pani puri vendors -Hemali Chhapia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India<br /><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br /><br />A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br /><br />&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br /><br />Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br /><br />A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br /><br />&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br /><br />The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. 
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;,
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-The Times of India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;MUMBAI: &lt;/em&gt;India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &amp;mdash; the bedrock of the economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A paper titled &#039;The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services&#039;, co-authored by the head of Mumbai University&#039;s school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&amp;quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &amp;quot;lower middle class&amp;quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &amp;quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&amp;quot; he says.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&amp;quot; says Hatekar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study proposes a new category called the &#039;new middle&#039; with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the &#039;new middle&#039; families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &amp;mdash; hence the large consumption band of the &#039;new middle&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. 
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India&#039;s middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...&#039;
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of..."/>
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                <strong>New entrants in India&#039;s middle class: Drivers, carpenters, pani puri vendors -Hemali Chhapia</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Times of India<br /><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br /><br />A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br /><br />&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br /><br />Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br /><br />A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br /><br />&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br /><br />The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><br /></div>               </font>
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-The Times of India<br />
<br />
<em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br />
<br />
A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br />
<br />
&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br />
<br />
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br />
<br />
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br />
<br />
&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br />
<br />
The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. 
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...',
	'disp' => '<div align="justify">-The Times of India<br /><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br /><br />A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br /><br />&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br /><br />Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br /><br />A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br /><br />&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br /><br />The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><br /></div>',
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	'title' => 'New entrants in India&#039;s middle class: Drivers, carpenters, pani puri vendors -Hemali Chhapia',
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-The Times of India<br />
<br />
<em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br />
<br />
A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br />
<br />
&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br />
<br />
Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br />
<br />
A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br />
<br />
&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br />
<br />
The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. 
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-The Times of India

MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Times of India<br /><br /><em>MUMBAI: </em>India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class &mdash; the bedrock of the economy.<br /><br />A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility.<br /><br />&quot;Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do,&quot; says Hatekar. In the study, &quot;lower middle class&quot; refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day.<br /><br />Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. &quot;The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography,&quot; he says.<br /><br />A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils.<br /><br />&quot;The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes,&quot; says Hatekar.<br /><br />The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle &mdash; hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. <br /><br />Please <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms" title="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-entrants-in-Indias-middle-class-Drivers-carpenters-pani-puri-vendors/articleshow/53370870.cms">click here</a> to read more. </div><div align="justify">&nbsp;</div><div align="justify"><br /></div>'
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New entrants in India's middle class: Drivers, carpenters, pani puri vendors -Hemali Chhapia

-The Times of India MUMBAI: India's middle class has seen new entrants. Pani puri vendors, dosa sellers, carpenters, welders, launderers, drivers and cable TV technicians have all pulled themselves out of the clutches of poverty and leapt into a section of the middle class — the bedrock of the economy. A paper titled 'The Rise of the New Middle Class and the Role of Offshoring of Services', co-authored by the head of Mumbai University's school of economics, professor Neeraj Hatekar and his colleagues Kishore More and Sandhya Krishna, has found that a faster pace of growth and higher intensity of work has led to the upward mobility. "Lower middle class households earn better not because they are engaged in different occupations compared to the poor, but because they have been able to get more of their family members to do the same things than the poor do," says Hatekar. In the study, "lower middle class" refers to households whose daily per capita consumption expenditure is between $2 and $4 (Rs 134-Rs 268) each. Poor households spend less than $2 per capita per day. Ventakesh Kumar, political scientist and professor at the Mumbai-based Centre for Governance and Public Policy agrees with the findings of the study. "The social base of the middle class is expanding and it is cutting across caste, occupation, age, gender and geography," he says. A survey of around 800 households conducted by the School of Economics found a significant shift in the type of assets held by those who had just entered the lower middle class. Almost everyone had a cell phone and a watch or clock. Over 70 per cent had access to electricity and about 60 per cent had a fan, owned a colour television, had a pressure cooker and a chair. More than half of them had gold jewellery and steel utensils. "The aspirational expenditure is different because there is a clear difference in aspirations among the lower classes (poor) and the lower middle classes," says Hatekar. The study proposes a new category called the 'new middle' with daily per capita consumption spending range of $2-$10. Though the largest number of the 'new middle' families are likely to have moved into the lower middle class, some have also moved up to middle-middle or upper-middle — hence the large consumption band of the 'new middle'. Please click here to read more.