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Resource centre on India's rural distress
 
 

NFHS data shows several maternal and child health interventions have led to improved outcomes -Ananya Awasthi

-The Indian Express

Though overall trends do suggest an improvement in population control, use of modern contraception, reproductive and child health, immunisation and social determinants of health, a complete overhaul is needed to identify and address the multidimensional aspects of child malnutrition.

Population-based surveys form the bedrock of the country’s health information systems. Use of accurate and nationally representative data can be instrumental in policy planning, programme design, health system monitoring and management of financial and human resources. Hence, the release of the National Family Health Survey-round 5 (NFHS-5), which covers about 6.1 lakh sample households to provide estimates for 707 districts, serves as a litmus test to evaluate India’s prospects for achieving improved health and well-being for its population. In the first phase, data from 22 states and UTs has been released from the latest survey conducted in 2019-2020.

The biggest highlight comes from the data on Total Fertility Rate (TFR), which has come down to 2.1 or below (replacement level) in all states and UTs, except Bihar (3), Meghalaya (2.9) and Manipur (2.2). This finding is substantial given India’s longstanding investment in population control, which has also been instrumental in our poverty alleviation efforts. This correlates with the data on the overall use of modern methods of contraception, which has increased in 20 out of 22 states, though female sterilisation continues to be the most dominant method. Since universal uptake of contraception in developing countries may take more time, other socio-demographic variables like age at marriage play an equally important role in reducing fertility rates. The data show that the number of women marrying before the legal age has fallen in 17 out of 22 states and UTs, with Nagaland, Maharashtra, Jammu & Kashmir and Sikkim as the top performers. Also, indicators on teenage marriage and childbearing have improved in 17 states/UTs.

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