Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 73
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 73
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Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
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Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Deprecated (16384): The ArrayAccess methods will be removed in 4.0.0.Use getParam(), getData() and getQuery() instead. - /home/brlfuser/public_html/src/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line: 74
 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php. [CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311]
Code Context


        trigger_error($message, E_USER_DEPRECATED);

    }
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 You can disable deprecation warnings by setting `Error.errorLevel` to `E_ALL & ~E_USER_DEPRECATED` in your config/app.php.'
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deprecationWarning - CORE/src/Core/functions.php, line 311
Cake\Http\ServerRequest::offsetGet() - CORE/src/Http/ServerRequest.php, line 2421
App\Controller\ArtileDetailController::printArticle() - APP/Controller/ArtileDetailController.php, line 74
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 610
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 235
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 162
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 88
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 96
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 98

Warning (512): Unable to emit headers. Headers sent in file=/home/brlfuser/public_html/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Error/Debugger.php line=853 [CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 48]
Code Context
            if (Configure::read('debug')) {

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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f688e818745-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f688e818745-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. 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Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. 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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 6 December, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&#039;,
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;
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With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The..."/>
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                <strong>Of crime and punishment -Mukul Sanwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><em><br />Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br /></em><br />Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br /><br />The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br /><br />Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br /><br /><em>DNA testing<br /></em><br />In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br /><br />The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br /><br />There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br /><br /><em>Unresolved issues<br /></em><br />In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br /><br />Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br /><br />For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. 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Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;
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With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. 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Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The..."/>
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                <strong>Of crime and punishment -Mukul Sanwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><em><br />Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br /></em><br />Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br /><br />The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br /><br />Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br /><br /><em>DNA testing<br /></em><br />In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br /><br />The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br /><br />There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br /><br /><em>Unresolved issues<br /></em><br />In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br /><br />Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br /><br />For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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    <link rel="canonical" href="https://im4change.in/<pre class="cake-error"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-trace').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-trace').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none');"><b>Notice</b> (8)</a>: Undefined variable: urlPrefix [<b>APP/Template/Layout/printlayout.ctp</b>, line <b>8</b>]<div id="cakeErr67f688e818745-trace" class="cake-stack-trace" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-code').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-code').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Code</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-context').style.display = (document.getElementById('cakeErr67f688e818745-context').style.display == 'none' ? '' : 'none')">Context</a><pre id="cakeErr67f688e818745-code" class="cake-code-dump" style="display: none;"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB"></span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;</span><span style="color: #0000BB">head</span><span style="color: #007700">&gt;
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-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
		&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 6 December, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&#039;,
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;,
	&#039;disp&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. 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Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. 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	&#039;description&#039; =&gt; &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&#039;,
	&#039;credit_writer&#039; =&gt; &#039;The Hindu, 6 December, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&#039;,
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...&#039;
$disp = &#039;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;-The Hindu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &amp;ldquo;Crime in India 2016&amp;rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;DNA testing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&amp;rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &amp;lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unresolved issues&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &amp;ldquo;service&amp;rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &amp;ldquo;force&amp;rdquo; oriented towards &amp;ldquo;effect&amp;rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot; title=&quot;http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true&quot;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; to read more. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#039;
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The..."/>
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                <strong>Of crime and punishment -Mukul Sanwal</strong></h1>
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                <div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><em><br />Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br /></em><br />Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br /><br />The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br /><br />Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br /><br /><em>DNA testing<br /></em><br />In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br /><br />The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br /><br />There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br /><br /><em>Unresolved issues<br /></em><br />In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br /><br />Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br /><br />For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>               </font>
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-The Hindu<br />
<em><br />
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br />
</em><br />
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br />
<br />
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br />
<br />
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br />
<br />
<em>DNA testing<br />
</em><br />
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br />
<br />
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br />
<br />
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br />
<br />
<em>Unresolved issues<br />
</em><br />
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br />
<br />
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br />
<br />
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...',
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Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br /><br />The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br /><br />There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br /><br /><em>Unresolved issues<br /></em><br />In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br /><br />Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br /><br />For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>',
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-The Hindu<br />
<em><br />
Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br />
</em><br />
Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br />
<br />
The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br />
<br />
Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br />
<br />
<em>DNA testing<br />
</em><br />
In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br />
<br />
The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br />
<br />
There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br />
<br />
<em>Unresolved issues<br />
</em><br />
In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br />
<br />
Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br />
<br />
For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br />
<br />
Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br />
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-The Hindu

Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India

Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The...'
$disp = '<div align="justify">-The Hindu<br /><em><br />Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India<br /></em><br />Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration.<br /><br />The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), &ldquo;Crime in India 2016&rdquo;, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level.<br /><br />Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour.<br /><br /><em>DNA testing<br /></em><br />In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively.<br /><br />The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world&rsquo;s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together.<br /><br />There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, &lsquo;the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey.<br /><br /><em>Unresolved issues<br /></em><br />In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional &ldquo;service&rdquo; based on skills of investigation or a &ldquo;force&rdquo; oriented towards &ldquo;effect&rdquo; which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation.<br /><br />Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means.<br /><br />For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level.<br /><br />Please <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true" title="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/of-crime-and-punishment/article21268664.ece?homepage=true">click here</a> to read more. <br /></div>'
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Of crime and punishment -Mukul Sanwal

-The Hindu Low conviction rates and a lack of a lawful definition of crime mark criminal administration in India Police reform in India has been concerned with political interference ever since the landmark Supreme Court judgement, in 2006, on the subject. The focus should really be on reorganising criminal administration. The annual publication of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), “Crime in India 2016”, which was released recently, presents a dismal picture of the key performance statistic with only 47% convictions in Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes at the national level. Delhi provides an interesting case study, where there is no political interference and the Police Commissioner reports to the Lieutenant Governor, and not the Chief Minister. With a population smaller than Mumbai, it has two times the number of police stations. Yet, in Delhi, while 1,90,876 persons were sent to trial last year, there were only 9,837 IPC convictions in the year. In Delhi only 58% of those arrested were chargesheeted, while in Mumbai, more persons were chargesheeted than were arrested for IPC crimes. In Delhi, 13,803 crimes against women were reported and no chargesheets filed in 4,371 cases (32%); in Mumbai with 5,128 crimes reported against women, final reports were filed in only 15% of cases. The key statistic of police performance is not merely correct reporting and recording but chargesheets and convictions, as this impacts on criminal behaviour. DNA testing In Delhi, DNA testing, which can secure higher conviction rates, is, inexplicably, a low priority. There is only one forensic testing laboratory, with around 9,000 samples pending for examination. Over 5,000 are DNA samples. Delays in this crucial evidence, which plays an important factor in acquittals, are a setback as samples deteriorate with time. Consequently Delhi has a conviction rate of only 21%, 24% and 30% in cases of kidnapping and abduction, rape and murder, respectively. The Delhi Police website says that it is perhaps the world’s largest metropolitan police force and arguments that Delhi accounts for 38% of the total crime under the IPC because of its migrant population are a simplistic explanation. Delhi accounts for five times the IPC crime when compared with Mumbai, and 33% of violent crime in metros when compared with 13% in Mumbai. Crime prevention is affected by conviction rate, beat patrolling, and by the police and community working together. There is a need to distinguish between accountability and operational responsibility. For example, ‘the Mayor of London is responsible for setting policing priorities that will hold the Met Police Commissioner to account. Operational decision-making on day-to-day policing remains the responsibility of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. The Police and Crime Plan 2013-2016 has clear performance measures that focus on results such as 20% reduction in key neighbourhood crimes, 20% reduction in delays in the criminal justice system, and 20% reduction in reoffending by young people leaving custody. The plan was based on extensive consultation which included town hall meetings, additional stakeholder forums, focus groups and an online survey. Unresolved issues In addition to those related to roles and responsibilities, there are also systemic issues. Despite the recommendations of Law Commissions and the Supreme Court, as well going by experience in the developed world, we do not have separate wings for investigation of crime and for law and order. Related to this reform is the debate whether the police is a functional “service” based on skills of investigation or a “force” oriented towards “effect” which on command will operate regardless of the cost to itself or the social fabric. Similarly, in most countries, the prosecutor, and not the police, has discretion on whether to press charges as they involve adjudication. Years ago, the Law Commission had suggested a directorate of prosecution independent of the police to guide investigation. Second, there is still controversy over which kinds of conduct are best controlled by the application of criminal law and which kinds by other means. For example, special and local offences account for as much crime as under provisions of the IPC, with nearly 60% of cases under liquor and narcotics offences at the national level. Causing simple and grievous injures under rash driving accounts for 11% of IPC crimes; theft also accounts for 16.6% of IPC crime at the national level. Please click here to read more.